[1]Anderson，James E.（1962），The Emergence of the Modern Regulatory State，Washington：Public Affaires Press.

[2]Baldwin，Robert and Martin Cave（1999），Understanding Regulation：Theory，Strategy，and Practice. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[3]Bailey，Elizabeth E. and Janet R. Pack（1995），The Political Economy of Privatization and Deregulation，London：Edward Edgar.

[4]Bartle，Ian，Markus M. Müller，Roland Sturm，and Stephen Wilks（2002），“The Regulatory State：Britain and Germany Compared”，Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society.

[5]Better Regulation Task Force（2000），Alternatives to State Regulation. London：Cabinet Office.

[6]Breyer，Stephen G. Richard B. Stewart，Cass R. Sunstein，Matthew L. Spitzer（1998），Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy：Problems，Text，and Cases. Aspen Law & Business；4th edition.

[7]Crandall，Robert W.（2003），“A end to economic regulation”，in Competition and Regulation in Utility Markets，Colin Robinson，ed. Edward Elgar，2003，pp.162-185. （also appearing as an working paper from AEI-Brookings Joint Centre for Regulatory Studies. http：//www.aei.brookings.org/publications/）

[8]Crandall，Robert W.，Curtis Grimm，Jerry A. Hausman，Paul L. Joskow，Steven Morrison，Sam Peltzman（Editors）（2000），Deregulation of Network Industries：What’s Next？AEI-Brookings Joint Centre for Regulatory Studies，http：//www.aei-brookings.org/admin/authorpdfs/page. php？id=109）

[9]Crews，Clyde Wayne Jr.（2002），The Thousand Commandments：an annual policymaker’s snapshot of the federal regulatory state（2001 Edition）.

[10]Croley，Steven P.（2008），Regulation and Public Interests：The Possibility of Good Regulatory Government. Princeton and Oxford：Princeton University Press.

[11]J. B. 德龙：《政府与工商业的双人舞》，吴敬琏主编《比较》2002年第1辑，第121～124页。

[12]Department of the Treasury（2008）“The Department of the Treasury Blueprint for a Modernized Financial Regulatory Structure. ” http：//www.treas.gov/press/releases/reports/Blueprint. pdf.

[13]Djankov，Simeon，Edward L. Glaeser，Rafael La Porta，Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes and Andrei Shleifer（2003）“The new comparative economics”，NBER Working Paper 9608. （http：//www. nber. org/papers/w9608）（中文译文见“新比较经济学”，吴敬琏主编《比较》，2003年第10辑，第9～38页）。

[14]Dyson，Kenneth（1992），The Politics of German regulation. Aldershot：Dartmouth.

[15]高世楫：《十字路口的中国电力产业》，张昕竹主编《中国基础设施产业改革与规制》，中国行政管理出版社，2002，第1～32页。

[16]高世楫、秦海：《从制度变迁的角度看监管体制演进：国际经验的一种诠释和中国改革实践的分析》，2005，吴敬琏、江平主编《洪范评论》（第2卷第3辑），第9～57页。

[17]Glaeser，Edward L. and Andrei Shleifer（2001）“The Rise of the Regulatory State”，NBER Working Paper. （中文译文见“监管型政府的崛起”，吴敬琏主编《比较》2002年第2辑，第51～73页）。

[18]Goldin，Claudia and Gary D. Libecap（1994）The regulated economy：a historical approach to political economy. Chicago：University of Chicago Press.

[19]Hahn，Robert W.，Anne Layne-Farrar，and Peter Passell（2003）“Federalism and regulation：an overview”，AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies Working Paper（http：//www.aei.brookings.org/publications/）.

[20]Hood，Christopher，Colin Scott，Oliver James，George Jones，and Tony Travers.（1999），Regulation Inside Government：Waste-Watchers，Quality Police，and Sleaze-Busters. Oxford：Oxford University Press. （中文译著《监管政府》，上海 三联出版，2009）

[21]Jordana，Jacint and David Levi-Faur（2004），The Politics of Regulation：Institutions and Regulatory Reform for the Age of Governance. Cheltenham：Edward Edgar.

[22]Joskow，Paul（2009）“Deregulation”，paper delivered to the the 2009 Distinguished Lecture sponsored by the AEI Center for Regulatory and Market Studies on February 10，2009. （http：//econ-www.mit. edu/files/3875）

[23]Joskow，Paul：《25年来的管制与放松管制：产业组织研究可吸取的经验》，2005，吴敬琏主编《比较》2005年第16辑，第121～140页。

[24]Joskow，Paul（ed.2000），Economic Regulation，Cheltenham：Edward Edgar.

[25]Katz，Michael L.（2000），“Regulation：The Next 1000 Years”，A Background Paper for the Fourteenth Annual Aspen Institute Conference on Telecommunications Policy，The Aspen Institute.

[26]Krugman，Paul（2007），The Conscience of a Liberal，New York：W. W. Norton. （中文译著见《美国怎么了？》，中信出版社）

[27]Laffont，Jean-Jacques（2003），Regulation and Development，Book Manuscript，to be published by the MIT Press.

[28]Levi-Faur，David and Jacint Jordana eds.（2005），The Rise of Regulatory Capitalism：The Global Diffusion of a New Order，Special Issue of the The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science，Volume 598，March 2005.

[29]Litan，Robert（2009），“Where Were The Watchdogs？Systemic Risk and the Breakdown of Financial Governance”，Testimony before Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. http：//www.brookings.edu/testimony/2009/0304_systemic_risk_litan. aspx？emc=lm&m=223098&1=l&v=219051.

[30]Majone，Giandomenico（1996），Regulating Europe. London：Routledge.

[31]Majone，Giandomenico（1994），“The Rise of the Regulatory State in Europe.” West European Politics 17：77-101.

[32]Majone，Giandomenico（1996），Regulating Europe. London：Routledge.

[33]McCraw，Thomas K.（2009），“Regulate，Baby，Regulate：We’re going to need a bigger Federal Register.”，The New Republic，March 19，2009. http：//www.tnr.com/politics/story.html？id=686e3d61-aa6f-4431-acac-d067fe28ed8e&p=.

[34]McCraw，Thomas K.（1984），Prophets of Regulation，Cambridge：Harvard University Press.

[35]McGarity，Thomas，Sidney Shapiro and David Bollier（2003），“Sophisticated Sabotage：The Intellectual Games Used to Subvert Responsible Regulation”，Working Paper Online.

[36]McLean，Iain（2004），“The History of Regulation in the United Kingdom：Three Case Studies in Search of a Theory”，in Jordana，Jacint and David Levi-Faur（2004）The Politics of Regulation：Institutions and Regulatory Reform for the Age of Governance. Cheltenham：Edward Edgar，pp.45-66.

[37]Millward，Robert（2005），Private and public enterprise in Europe：energy，telecommunications and transport，1830-1990. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.

[38]Millward，Robert（2001），“The Political Economy of Urban Utilities in Britain 1840-1950”，in Cambridge Urban History of Britain：Vol. Ⅲ，ed. M Daunton，Cambridge University Press，2001，pp.315-349.

[39]Moran，Michael（2003），The British Regulatory State. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[40]Moran，Michael（2002），“Review Article：Understanding the Regulatory State. ” British Journal of Political Science 32：391-413.

[41]Moran，Michael（2001a），“The Rise of the Regulatory State in Britain.” Parliamentary Affairs 54：19-34.

[42]North，Douglass（1990），“Institutions”，Journal of Economic Perspectives，Winter 1990.

[43]OECD（1999），Regulatory Reform in Japan. Paris：OECD.

[44]OECD（2000），Regulatory Reform in Korea. Paris：OECD.

[45]OECD（2002），Report on Regulatory Reform：From Interventionism to Regulatory Governance. Paris：OECD.

[46]OECD（2003），“Regulatory issues and Doha development agenda：an explanatory issues paper”. OECD.

[47]Ogus，Anthony Ⅰ.（ed.2001），Regulation，Economics and the Law，Cheltenham：Edward Elgar.

[48]Peltzman，Sam（1993），“George Stigler’s Contribution to the Economic analysis of regulation”，Journal of Political Economy，Vol.101（5），October，pp.818-32.

[49]Posner，Richard（1974），“Theories of Economic Regulation，” Bell Journal of Economics and management science，Vol.5，No.2，pp.335-358，1974.

[50]Rebstock，Paula（2004），“The New Zealand Experience in Utility Regulation”，Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Regulatory Conference，30 July 2004，http：//www.comcom.govt.nz/MediaCentre/Speeches/acccregulatoryconferencethenewzeal，aspx

[51]Rodrik，Dani（2009），“Coming soon-Capitalism 3.0”，http：//rodrik.typepad.com/，Feb.10，2009

[52]Samuelson，Paul（2008），“Paul Samuelson：Financial crisis work of fiendish monsters”，interview of Paul Samuelson by Asahi Shimbun（IHT/Asahi：October 31，2008）（through the website of the Economist’s View）http：//www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200810310085.html

[53]Schroeder，Christopher H. and Rena Steinzor（2005），A New Progressive For Public Health and the Environment，Carolina Academic Press；

[54]Sen，Amartya（2009），“Capitalism Beyond the Crisis”，The New York Review of Books，VOLUME 56，NUMBER 5·MARCH 26，2009.

[55]Shleifer，Andrei（2005），“Understanding Regulation”，European Financial Management，Vol.11，No.4，pp.439-451。（中文译文见“理解监管”，吴敬琏主编《比较》2005年第16辑，第103～120页）.

[56]Spulber，Daniel F.（1999），《管制与市场》，上海三联书店。

[57]Stigler，Geoege and Claire Friedland（1962），“What Can Regulators Regulate？The Case of Electricity”，Journal of Law and Economics，5，pp.1-16。（中文译文见《施蒂格勒论文精粹》，商务印书馆，1999，第14章）

[58]Stiglitz，Joseph E.（2008），“Government Failure vs. Market Failure：Principles of Regulation”，Preliminary and incomplete.

[59]Stigjitz，Joseph（2003），The Roaring Nineties：A New History of the World’s Most Prosperous Decade. New York：W. W. Norton & Company.

[60]Sunstein，Cass（1997）（1990），“Paradoxes of the regulatory state”，as chapter 11 collected in Cass Sunstein Free Market and Social Justice. Cambridge，Mass：Oxford University Press.

[61]Sunstein，Cass（1990），After the Rights Revolution. Cambridge，Mass：Harvard University Press.（中文凯斯·R. 桑斯坦：《权力革命之后：重塑规制国》，中国人民大学出版社，2008）。

[62]Viscusi，W. Kip，John M. Vernon，and Joseph E. Harrington，Jr（2000），Economics of Regulation and Antitrust. Cambridge：MIT Press. Third Edition.

[63]World Bank（1997），World Development Report 1997：The State in a Changing World.：The World Bank。

[64]World Bank（2004），Understanding Regulation. Washington：The World Bank。

[65]吴敬琏：《“市场失灵”与“政府失灵”》，2009年3月2日《经济观察报》。

[66]吴敬琏：《政治改革应加快，为市场经济护航》，2009，网易财经http：//money.163.com/special/002533K5/wujinglianon30years.html。

[67]徐梅：《日本的规制改革》，中国经济出版社，2003。

[68]余晖、周汉华、张昕竹、沈岿：《中国基础设施产业政府监管体制改革总体框架研究》，《中国基础设施产业政府监管体制改革研究报告》第一部分，中国财政经济出版社，2002，第1～178页。

[69]宇燕、席涛：《监管型市场与政府管制：美国政府管制制度分析》，《世界经济》2003年第5期，第17～19页。

[1]泰勒尔（梯若尔）：《产业组织理论》，中国人民大学出版社，1997。

[2]张昕竹、安·易斯塔什：《中国规制与竞争：理论和政策》，社会科学文献出版社，2000。

[3]张昕竹、让·拉丰、安·易斯塔什：《网络产业：规制与竞争理论》，社会科学文献出版社，2000。

[4]Baldwin，R. and M. Cave（1999），Understanding Regulation：Theory，Strategy，and Practice，Oxford University Press.

[5]Baumol，W. J.，and D. F. Bradford（1970），Optimal Departures from Marginal Cost Pricing，American Economic Review，LX，265-83.

[6]Breyer，S.，and P. W. MacAvoy（1987），Regulation，《新帕尔格雷夫经济学大辞典》第4卷。

[7]Caillaud，B.，B. Jullien，and P. Picard（1996），National and European Incentive Policies：Bargaining，Information and Coordination，European Economic Review 40：91-111.

[8]Joskow，P.L.（2000），Economic Regulation：Critical Ideas in Economcs，Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.

[9]Gasmi，G.，J.-J.Laffont，and W. W. Sharkey（2000），Competition，Universal Service and Telecommunications Policy in Developing Countries，Information Economics and Policy 12：221-248.

[10]Green，R. and M.R.Partina（1999），Resetting Price Controls for Privatized Utilities：A Manual for Regulators，The World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[11]Kahn，A. E. （1970），The Economics of Regulation：Principles and Institutions（Volume Ⅰ and Ⅱ），JOHN WILEY & SONS，INC.

[12]Laffont，J.-J.（2000），Incentives and Political Economy，Oxford University Press.

[13]Laffont，J.-J.，R. Rey，and J. Tirole（1998a），Network Competition：Ⅰ. Overview and Nondiscriminatory Pricing，Rand Journal of Economics 29：1-37.

[14]Laffont，J.-J.，R. Rey，and J. Tirole（1998b），Network Competition：Ⅱ. Price Discrimination，Rand Journal of Economics 29：38-56.

[15]Laffont，J.-J.，and J. Tirole（1993），A Theory of Incentives in Government Procurement and Regulation，MIT Press.

[16]Newbery，D. M.（2000），Privatizing，Restructuring，and Regulation of Network Industries，MIT Press.

[17]Panzar，J.（1989），Technological Determinants of Firm and Industry Structure，in Handbook of Industrial Organization，ed. by Schemalensee and R. Willig，North-Holland.

[18]Peltzman，S.（1976），Towards a More General Theory of Regulation，Journal of Law and Economics 19：211-240.

[19]Posner，R.（1976），Theories of Economic Regulation，Bell Journal of Economics 5：335-358.

[20]Schmalensee，Richard（1979），The Control of Natural Monopolies，Lexington Books.

[21]Viscusi，W. K.，J. M. Vernon，and J. E. Harrington（1995），Economics of Regulation and Antitrust，MIT Press.

[22]Sharkey，W. W.（1982），The Theory of Natural Monopoly，Cambridge University Press，Cambridge.

[23]Shin，R. T.，and J. S. Ying（1992），Unnatural Monopolies in Local Telephone，Rand Journal of Economics 23：171-183.

[24]Train，K.（1991），Optimal Regulation：The Economic Theory of Natural Monopoly，MIT Press.

[1]Ades，A.，and R. Di Tella.1997. “National Champions and Corruption：Some Unpleasant Interventionist Arithmetic. ” The Economic Journal 107：1023-42.

[2]Ades，A.，and R. Di Tella. Forthcoming. “Rents，Competition and Corruption. ” American Economic Review.

[3]Aghion，P.，M. Dewatripont，and P. Rey.1995. “Competition，Financial Discipline and Growth. ” Institut d’Economie Industrielle，Universite des Sciences Sociales，Toulouse，France.

[4]Aghion，P.，M. Dewatripont，and P. Rey.1997. “Agency Costs，Firm Behavior and the Nature of Competition. ” Institut d’Economie Industrielle，Universite des Sciences Sociales，Toulouse，France.

[5]Aghion，P.，and P. Howitt.1997. “A Schumpeterian Perspective on Growth and Competition. ” D. Kreps and K. Wallis，eds.，Advances in Economics and Econometrics：Theory and Applications. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.

[6]Ahmad，E.，and N. Stern.1991. The Theory and Practice of Tax Reform in Developing Countries. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.

[7]Anton，J.，and D. Yao.1987. “Second Sourcing and the Experience Curve：Price Competition in Defense Procurement. ” RAND Journal of Economics 18：57-76.

[8]Anton，J.，and D. Yao.1989. “Split Awards，Procurement and Innovation. ” RAND Journal of Economics 20：538-52.

[9]Anton，J.，and D. Yao.1992. “Coordination in Split Award Auctions. ” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107：681-707.

[10]Auriol，E.，and J. J. Laffont.1993. “Regulation by Duopoly. ” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 2：277-301.

[11]Banerjee，A.1996. “Can Anything Be Done about Corruption？” In M. G. Quibria and J. M. Dowling，eds.，Current Issues in Economic Development，An Asian Perspective. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[12]Bardhan，Pranab.1997. “Corruption and Development：A Review of Issues. ” Journal of Economic Literature 35：1320-46.

[13]Bernheim，B. D.，and H. D. Whinston.1992. “Exclusive Dealing. ” Harvard University Institute of Economic Research Working Paper 1622. Cambridge，Mass.

[14]Bliss，C.，and R. Di Tella. 1997. “Does Competition Kill Corruption？” Journal of Political Economy 5：1001-23.

[15]Brunetti，A.，G. Kisunko，and B. Weder.1997. “Economic Growth with Incredible Rules：Evidence from a World Wide Private Sector Survey. ” World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[16]Caminal，R.，and C. Matutes.1997a. “Bank Solvency，Market Structure and Monitoring Incentives.” Barcelona.

[17]Caminal，R.，and C. Matutes.1997b. “Can Competition in the Credit Market Be Excessive？” Centre for Economic Policy Research Paper 1725. London.

[18]Caprio，G. Jr，and D. Klingebiel.1996. “Bank Insolvency：Bad Luck，Bad Policy，or Bad Banking？” Paper presented at Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics，Washington，D. C.

[19]Chisari，O.，and A. Estache.1997. “The Needs of the Poor in Infrastructure Privatizations：The Role of Universal Service Obligation. The Case of Argentina.”

[20]Compte，O.，F. Jenny，and P. Rey.1997. “Capacity Constraints，Mergers and Collusion. ” Toulouse.

[21]Dana，J.，and K. Spier.1994. “Designing a Private Industry：Government Auctions with Endogenous Market Structure. ” Journal of Public Economics 53：127-47.

[22]Faure-Grimaud，A.，J. J. Laffont，and D. Martimort.1998. “A Theory of Supervision with Endogenous Transaction Costs. ” IDEI.

[23]Gasmi，F.，J. J. Laffont，and W. Sharkey.1997. “Incentive Regulation and the Cost Structure of the Local Telephone Exchange Network. ” Journal of Regulatory Economics 12：5-25.

[24]Gasmi，F.，J. J. Laffont，and W. Sharkey.1998. “Competition and Universal Service Obligation. ” IDEI. Toulouse.

[25]Gould，D.，and J. Amaro-Reyes.1983. “The Effects of Corruption on Administrative Performance. ” World Bank，Washington D. C.

[26]Hart，O.1983. “The Market Mechanism as an Incentive Scheme. ” Bell Journal of Economics 14：366-82.

[27]Hausman，J.1997. “Taxation by Telecommunications Regulation. ” Massachusetts Institute of Technology，Cambridge，Mass.

[28]Hermalin，B.1992. “Effects of Competition on Executive Behavior. ” RAND Journal of Economics 23：350-62.

[29]Hermalin，B. 1994. “Heterogeneity in Organizational Form：Why Otherwise Identical Firms Choose Different Incentives for their Managers. ” RAND Journal of Economics 25：518-37.

[30]Horn，H.，H. Lang，and S. Lundgren.1994. “Competition，Long-Run Contracts and Internal Inefficiencies in Firms. ” European Economic Review 38：213-33.

[31]Jenny，F.1997. “Competition Policy in a Global Economy. ” Ecole Superieure de Sciences Economiques et de Gestion，Paris.

[32]Jones，L.，P. Tandon，and I. Vogelsang.1990. Selling Public Enterprises：A Cost Benefit Methodology. Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.

[33]Kerf，M.，and W. Smith.1996. Privatizing Africa’s Infrastructure：Promise and Challenge. World Bank Technical Paper 337. Washington，D. C.

[34]Khemani，S.1997. “Competition Policy and Economic Development. ” Policy Options（October）：23-27.

[35]Khemani，S.，and M. Dutz1995. “The Instruments of Competition Policy and their Relevance forEconomic Development. ” In Regulatory Policies and Reform A Comparative Perspective. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[36]Laffont，J. J.1996. “Regulation，Privatization and Incentives in Developing Countries. ” In M. G. Quibira and J. Malcolm Dowling，eds，Current Issues in Economic Development. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[37]Laffont，J. J.，and M. Boyer.1998. “Competition and the Reform of the State. ”

[38]Laffont，J. J.，and J. Tirole.1986. “Using Cost Observation to Regulate Firms. ” Journal of Political Economy 94：614-41.

[39]Laffont，J. J.，and J. Tirole. 1993. A Theory of Incentives in Procurement and Regulation. Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.

[40]Laffont，J. J.，and D. Martimort.1997. “Separation of Regulators against Collusive Behavior. ” IDEI.

[41]Laffont，J. J.，and M. Meleu.Forthcoming. “A Positive Theory of Privatization for Sub-Saharan Africa.” Journal of African Economies. Abidjan：CREMIDE.

[42]Laffont，J. J.，and A. N’Gbo.1998. “Network Expansion in Developing Countries. ” CREMIDE，Abidjan.

[43]Laffont，J. J.，and T. T. N’Guessan.1998. “Competition and Corruption in an Agency Relationship. ” CREMIDE，Abidjan.

[44]Langseth，P.，and M. Bryane.1998. “Ministers and Parliamentarians Assess Corruption. ” Governance 1：53-60.

[45]Martimort，D.1998. “Renegotiation Design with Multiple Regulators.

[46]Martin，S.1993. “Endogenous Firm Efficiency in a Cournot Principal-Agent Model. ” Journal of Economic Theory 59：445-50.

[47]Mishkin，F.1996. “Understanding Financial Crises：A Developing Country Perspective. ” Paper presented at Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics，Washington，D. C.

[48]Mookherjee，D.1997. “Incentives Reforms in Developing Country Bureaucracies：Lessons from Tax Administration. ” Paper presented at Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics，Washington，D. C.

[49]Olsen，T.，and G. Torsvik.1993. “The Ratchet Effect in Common Agency：Implication for Regulation and Privatization. ” Journal of Law，Economics and Organization 9：136-58.

[50]Rey，P.1997. “Competition Policy and Development. ”

[51]Rose-Ackerman，S.1996. “Redesigning the State to Fight Corruption. ” Public Policy for the Private Sector Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[52]Rose-Ackerman，S. 1997. “When Is Corruption Harmful？” Paper presented at Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics，Washington，D. C.

[53]Rowat，M.1995. “Competition Policy in Latin America：Legal and Institutional Issues. ” Paper presented at the seminar Good Government and Law，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[54]Scharfstein，D.1988. “Product Market Competition and Managerial Slack. ” RAND Journal of Economics 19：147-55.

[55]Scherer. F.1996. “International Competition Policy and Economic Development. ” D. P. Mannheim.

[56]Scherer. F. 1997. “Competition Policy and Economic Development. ” Harvard University，ambridge，Mass.

[57]Schmidt，K.1997. “Managerial Incentives and Product Market Competition. ” Review of Economic Studies 64：191-213.

[58]Shleifer，A.，and R. Vishny.1993. “Corruption. ” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108：599-617.

[59]Stiglitz，J.1996. “The Role of Government in Economic Development. ” Paper presented at Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics，Washington，D. C.

[60]Tirole，J.1986. “Hierarchies and Bureaucracies. ” Journal of Law，Economics，and Organization 2：181-214.

[61]Trebilcock，M.1996. “What Makes Poor Countries Poor？The Role of Institutional Capital in Economic Development. ” Toronto.

[62]Wesberry，J.1996“Good Financial Management versus Corruption. ” World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[63]Willig，R.1987. “Corporate Governance and Market Structure. ” In A. Razin and E. Sadka，eds.，Economic Policy in Trade and Practice. London：Macmillan.

[1]Barzel，Yooram（1989），Economic Analysis of Property Rights. Cambridge，Mass：Harvard University Press.

[2]Cox，G.（1993），“The Development of Collective Responsibility in the United Kingdom. ” Parliamentary History 13：32-47.

[3]Esfahani，Hadi Salehi（1996），“The Political Economy of the Telecommunications Sector in the Philippines”，in Levy，Brain and Pablo T. Spiller eds. （1996）Regulations，Institutions，and Commitment：Comparative Studies of Telecommunications，Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，chapter 5，pp.145-201.

[4]Gley，Rafael and Spiller Pablo T.（1990），“A Rational Choice Theory of Supreme Court Statutory Decisions，with Applications to the State Farm and Grove City Cases. ” Journal of Law，Economics and Organization 6：263-301.

[5]Goldberg，V.（1976），“Regulation and Administered Contracts. ” Bell Journal of Industrial Economics 35：281-96.

[6]Levy，Brain and Pablo T. Spiller eds.（1996），Regulations，Institutions，and Commitment：Comparative Studies of Telecommunications，Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.

[7]McCubbins，Mathew D.，Roger G. Noll，and Barry R. Weingast（1987）， “Administrative Procedures as Instruments of Political Control. ” Journal of Law，Economics，and Organization 3：243-77.

[8]McCubbins，Mathew D.，Roger G. Noll，and Barry R. Weingast（1989），“Structure and Process，Politics and Policy：Administrative Arrangements and the Political Control of Agencies. ” Virginia Law Review 75：431-82.

[9]North，Douglass C.（1990），Institutions，Institutional Change，and Economic Performance. Cambridge，Mass.：Harvard University Press.

[10]Weingast，Barry R.（1993），“The Economic Role of Political Institutions. ” Stanford University. Mimeo.

[11]Williamson，Oliver E.（1988），“The Logic of Economics Organization. ” Journal of Law，Economics and Organization 4：65-93.

[1]Albert，M.，（1993）Capitalism against Capitalism. London：Whurr.

[2]Armstrong，M.，Cowan，S. and Vickers，J.，（1995）Regulatory Reform. Economic analysis and British experience. Cambridge，MA：MIT Press.

[3]Baggott，R.，（1989） Regulatory reform in Britain：The changing face of self-regulation. Public Administration 67（4），435-54.

[4]Baldwin，R. and Cave，M.，（1999）Understanding Regulation. Theory，strategy and practice. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[5]Bartle，I.，（2000）Comparative research on regulation in Britain and Germany：Its rationale and potential. Discussion Paper Number 1，Causes and Consequences of Regulatory Transformation：A British-German Comparison. Exeter：University of Exeter.[Available from：www.ex.ac.uk/shipss/politics/research/britger/]

[6]Bartle，I. and Müller，M.，（2000）The administration of regulation：Self regulation and state agencies. Discussion Paper Number 3，Causes and Consequences of Regulatory Transformation：A British-German Comparison. Exeter：University of Exeter.[Available from：www.ex.ac.uk/shipss/politics/research/britger/]

[7]Bartle，I. and Müller，M.，（2001）Translating regulatory goals into action：Regulatory modes，instruments and enforcement styles. Discussion Paper Number 4，Causes and Consequences of Regulatory Transformation：A British-German Comparison. Exeter：University of Exeter. [Available from：www.ex.ac.uk/shipss/politics/research/britger/]

[8]Bartle，I. and Wilks，S.，（2002）Utility regulation，competition policy and regulatory reform in Britain，in Byong-Man，A.，Halligan，J. and Wilks，S（eds）Reforming Public and Corporate Governance：Management and the market in Australia，Britain and Korea. Cheltenham：Elgar.

[9]Berger，S. and Dore，R.，（eds）（1996）National Diversity and Global Capitalism. Ithaca and London：Cornell University Press.

[10]Bloom，M.，（1999）The impact of the Competition Bill，in McCrudden，C. （ed）Regulation and Deregulation. Policy and practice in the utilities and financial services industries. Oxford：Clarendon Press，235-47.

[11]B?rner，A.-R.，（1998）Stromdurchleitung：Anregung aus US-Regulierung？In K?lner Miszellen zum Energierecht 6，1-133.

[12]Braithewaite，J. and Drahos，P.，（2000）Global Business Regulation. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.

[13]Bundesministerium für Post und Telekommunikation（BMPT）（1993）Price cap Regulierung für Monopoldienstleistungen. Informationsserie zu Regulierungsfragen No.9（March），Bonn：BMPT.

[14]Carsberg，B.，（1991）Office of Telecommunications：Competition and the Duopoly Review，in Veljanovski，C.，（ed.）Regulators and the Market. An assessment of the growth of regulation in the UK. London：IEA.

[15]Coates，D.，（2000）Models of Capitalism. Growth and stagnation in the modern era. Oxford：Blackwell.

[16]Coen，D.，Héritier，A. and B?llhoff，D.，（2002）Regulating the Utilities：Business and regulator perspectives in the UK and Germany. London：Anglo-German Foundation.

[17]Coleman，W. D. and Porter，T.，（1994）Regulating international banking and securities：Emerging cooperation among national authorities，in Stubbs，R. and Underhill，G. R. D. Political Economy and the Changing Global Order. Basingstoke/London：Macmillan.

[18]Corry，D.，Soutter，D.，Waterson，M.，（1994）Regulating our Utilities. London：Institute for Public Policy Research.

[19]Cox，A.，（ed.）（1986） The State，Finance and Industry. Brighton：Wheat-sheaf.

[20]Crouch，C and Streeck，W.，（ed.）（1997）Political Economy of Modern Capitalism. Mapping convergence and diversity. London：Sage.

[21]Department of Trade and Industry（DTI），（1991）Competition and Choice：Telecommunications policy for the 1990s，White Paper. London：HMSO.

[22]Derlien，H.-U.，（1996）Germany：The intelligence of bureaucracy in a decentralized polity，in Olsen，J. P. and Peters，B. G.，（eds）Lessons from Experience. Experiential learning in administrative reforms in eight democracies. Oslo：Scandinavian University Press，146-179.

[23]Dolowitz，D. and Marsh，D.，（1996）Who learns what from whom？A review of the policy transfer literature. Political Studies 44，343-57.

[24]Dolowitz，D. and Marsh，D.，（2000） Learning from abroad. The role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making. Governance 13（1）：5-23.

[25]Dyson，K.，（1980） The State Tradition in Western Europe. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[26]Dyson，K.，（ed.）（1992）The Politics of German Regulation. Aldershot：Dartmouth.

[27]Eberlein，B.，（2000）Institutional change and continuity in German infrastructure management：The case of electricity reform. German Politics 9（3），81-104.

[28]Edwards，J. and Fischer，K.，（1994）Banks，Finance and Investment in Germany. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.

[29]Financial Services Authority（FSA），（2000）A New Regulator for the New Millennium（January）. London：FSA.

[30]Financial Times，23/5/2001，Germanys big generators keep grip on power market，10.

[31]Foster，C. D.，（1992）Privatisation，Public Ownership and the Regulation of Natural Monopoly. Oxford：Basil Blackwell.

[32]Foster，C. D.，（2000）The encroachment of the law on politics. Parliamentary Affairs 53（2），328-46.

[33]Franke，P.，（1999）Vollzugsprobleme des neuen Energiewirtschaftsrechts. K?lner Miszellen zum Energierecht 8，5-54.

[34]Gamble，A.，（1994）The Free Economy and the Strong State：The politics of Thatcherism（2nd edn）. London：Macmillan.

[35]Gamble，A.，（2000）Economic governance，in Pierre，J. （ed.），Debating Governance. Authority，steering and democracy. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[36]Geppert，M.，Ruhle，E.-O. and Schuster，F.，（1998）Handbuch Recht und Praxis der Telekommunikation. Baden-Baden：Nomos.

[37]Gilland，T.，（1996）The regulatory regime of the electricity industry in England and Wales，in Sturm，R.，Wilks，S.，（eds）Wettbewerbspolitik und die Ordnung der Elektrizit?tswirtschaft in Deutschland und Groβbritannien. Baden-Baden：Nomos，239-60.

[38]Graham，C.，（1998a）Is there a crisis in regulatory accountability？In Baldwin，R.，Scott，C. and Hood，C.，（eds）A Reader on Regulation. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[39]Graham，C.，（1998b）The Office of Telecommunications：A new competition authority？In Doern，G. B. and Wilks，S.，（eds）Changing regulatory institutions in Britain and North America. Toronto：University of Toronto Press.

[40]Graham，C.，（2000）Regulating Public Utilities. A constitutional approach. Oxford：Hart.

[41]Graham，C.，（2001）The changing role of the Competition Commission，in Regulatory Review 2000/2001 Millennium Edition. Bath：Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries.

[42]Gr?ner，H.，（1975）Die Ordnung der deutschen Elektrizit?tswirtschaft. Baden-Baden：Nomos.

[43]Gummett，P.，（1996）（ed.）Globalisation and Public Policy. Cheltenham：Edward Elgar.

[44]Hall，C.，Scott，C and Hood，C.，（2000）Telecommunications Regulation. Culture，chaos and interdependence inside the regulatory process. London：Routledge.

[45]Hall，P.，（1989）The Spread of Economic Ideas. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[46]Hansard，（1996）The Report on the Commission on the Regulation of Privatised Utilities，Hansard Society and European Policy Forum. London：Hansard Society.

[47]Haque，M. S.，（1999）Relationship between citizenship and public administration. International Review of Administrative Sciences 65（3），309-26.

[48]Heald，D.，（1989）The United Kingdom：Privatisation and its political context，in Vickers，J. and Wright，V. （eds）The Politics of Privatisation in Western Europe. London：Frank Cass，31-48.

[49]Heffernan，S.，（1996）Modern Banking in Theory and Practice. Chichester/New York：John Wiley and Sons.

[50]Helleiner，E.，（1995）Explaining the globalisation of financial markets：Bringing states back in. Review of International Political Economy 2（2），315-41.

[51]Hills，J.，（1986）Deregulating Telecoms. Competition and control in the United States，Japan and Britain. Connecticut：Quorum Books.

[52]Hodges，M. and Woolcock，S.，（1993）Atlantic Capitalism versus Rhine Capitalism in the European Community. West European Politics 16（3），329-44.

[53]Hohmann，H.，（2001）Die essential facility doctrine im Recht der Wettbewerbsbe-schr?nkungen. Baden-Baden：Nomos.

[54]Hood，C.，（1996）United Kingdom：From second chance to near-miss learning，in Olsen，J. P. and Peters，B. G.，（eds）Lessons from Experience. Experiential learning in administrative reforms in eight democracies. Oslo：Scandinavian University Press，36-70.

[55]House of Commons，（1999）Financial Services and Markets Bill. Bill 121 of 1998-99，Research Paper，99/68，24/6/1999. London：House of Commons.

[56]House of Commons，（2000）Utilities Bill，Research Paper 00/7，26/01/00. London：House of Commons.

[57]Hulsink，W.，（1999）Privatisation and Liberalisation in European Telecommunications. Comparing Britain，the Netherlands and France. London：Routledge.

[58]Hunt，A.，（2000）Dogma and Pragmatism in Telecoms Regulation. The case of local loop unbundling. Utilities Law Review 11（4），July/August：113-21.

[59]Hunt，S. and Shuttleworth，G.，（1996）Competition and Choice in Electricity. Chichester，New York：John Wiley and Sons.

[60]International Energy Agency（IEA）（1994），Electricity Supply Industry Structure，Ownership and Regulation. Paris：IEA.

[61]Jackson，P.，（2001）Bank capital standards：The New Basel Accord. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin（Spring）.

[62]J?ger，B.，（1994）Postreform Ⅰ und Ⅱ. Die gradualistische Telekommunikationspolitik in Deutschland im Lichte der Positiven Theorie staatlicher Regulierung und Deregulierung. K?ln：Institut für Wirtschaftspolitik.

[63]Jones，A.，（2000）Privatised utilities and the‘Third Way’. Public Money and Management，July-September，27-34.

[64]Kumkar，L.，（2000）Wettbewerbsorientierte Reformen der Stromwirtschaft. Eine institutione-n?konomische Analyse. Tübingen：Mohr Siebeck.

[65]Laborde，C.，（2000）The concept of the state in British and French political thought. Political Studies 48，540-57.

[66]Littlechild，S.，（1983）Regulation of British Telecommunications Profitability，Report to the Secretary of State. London：Department of Industry.

[67]Littlechild，S.，（2000）Privatisation，Competition and Regulation. Occasional paper 110. London：Institute of Economic Affairs.

[68]Littlechild，S.，（2001）Electricity regulation，in Vass，P.，（ed）Regulatory Review 2000/2001. Millennium Edition. Bath：Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries，25-62.

[69]Lodge，M.，（2000）Regulatory accountability：Towards a single citizen-consumer model？Paper presented at the Political Studies Association 50th Annual Conference，10-13th April 2000，London.

[70]Lomnicka，E.，（1999）Reforming UK Financial services regulation：The creation of a single regulator. Journal of Business Law. September：480-9.

[71]Loughlin，M. and Scott，C.，（1997）The regulatory state，in Dunleavy，P.，Gamble，A.，Holliday，I. and Peele，G.，Developments in British Politics 5. Basingstoke：Macmillan，205-19.

[72]Lütz，S.，（1999）Globalisierung und der regulative Umbau des ‘Modells Deutschland’-Das Beispiel der Bankenregulierung，in Bross，H.-G. and Voelzkow，H.，（eds）Institutioneller Kontext wirtschaftlichen Handelns und Globalisierung. Marburg：Metropolis Verlag.

[73]Lütz，S.，（2000）From managed to market capitalism？German finance in transition. German Politics（9）2，149-70.

[74]MacKerron，G. and Watson，J.，（1996）The winners and losers so far，in Surrey，J.，（ed.）The British Electricity Experiment. Privatisation：The record，the issues，the lessons. London：Earthscan Publications，185-212.

[75]MacNeil，I.，（1999）The future for financial regulation：The Financial Services and Markets Bill. Modern Law Review 62，725-34.

[76]Majone，G.，（1994）The rise of the regulatory state in Europe. West European Politics 17，77-101.

[77]Majone，G.，（ed.）（1996）Regulating Europe. London：Routledge.

[78]Majone，G.，（1997）From the positive to the regulatory state：Causes and consequences of changes in the mode of governance. Journal of European Public Policy 17（2），139-67.

[79]Majone，G.，（1999）The regulatory state and its legitimacy problems. West European Politics 22（1），1-24.

[80]McGowan，Francis，（1996）Ideology and expediency in British energy policy in McGowan，F.，（ed.）European Energy Policies in a Changing Environment. Heidelberg：Physica-Verlag，130-64.

[81]McKenzie，G. and Khalidi，M.，（1996）The globalization of banking and financial markets：The challenge for European regulators. Journal of European Public Policy 3（4），629-46.

[82]Mitchell，J.，（1990）Britain：Privatisation as myth？ In Richardson，J.，（ed.）Privatisation and Deregulation in Britain. Halifax：Institute for Research on Public Policy.

[83]Mitchell，J. D. B.，（1965）The cause and effects of the absence of a system of public law in the United Kingdom. Public Law，95-116.

[84]Moon，J.，Richardson，J. J. and Smart，P.，（1986） The privatisation of British Telecom：A case study of the extended process of legislation. European Journal of Political Research 14（3），339-55.

[85]Moran，M. ，（1991）The Politics of the Financial Services Revolution. The USA，UK and Japan. Basingstoke：Longman.

[86]Moran，M. ，（2001）The rise of the regulatory state in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs 54（1），19-34.

[87]Müller，M. M.，（2000）Die Banken zwischen Staat und Wirtschaft. Von der Hausbank zum‘Global Player’. Gegenwartskunde 49（4），447-55.

[88]Müller，M. and Bartle，I. ，（2000）Regulation，competition and competitiveness：Convergence or conflict？Discussion Paper Number 2，Causes and Consequences of Regulatory Transformation：A British-German Comparison. Exeter：University of Exeter.[Available from：www.ex.ac.uk/shipss/politics/research/britger/]

[89]Müller，M. M. and Sturm，R.，（1998）Ein neuer regulativer Staat in Deutschland？Die neuere Theory of the Regulatory State und ihre Anwendbarkeit in der deutschen Staatswissenschaft. Staatswissenschaften und Staatspraxis 9（4）：507-34.

[90]National Audit Office（NAO）（1996）The Work of the Directors General of Telecommunications，Gas Supply，Water Services And Electricity Supply，Session 1995/95，House of Commons，645. London：HMSO.

[91]Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD）（1997）The OECD Report on Regulatory Reform，Volume 1，Thematic Studies，Volume 2，Sectoral Studies. Paris：Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

[92]Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD）（2000）Privatisation，Competition and Regulation，Paris：Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

[93]Ortwein，E.，（1996）Die Ordnung der deutschen Elektrizit?tswirtschaft，in Sturm，R. and Wilks，S.，（eds）Wettbewerbspolitik und die Ordnung der Elektrizit?tswirtschaft in Deutschland und Gro?britannien. Baden-Baden：Nomos，77-132.

[94]Ortwein，E.，（1998）Das Bundeskartellamt. Eine ?konomie deutscher Wettbewerbs-po-litik. Baden-Baden：Nomos.

[95]Owen，G. ，（2000）Foreword，in Littlechild，S. Privatisation，Competition and Regulation. Occasional Paper 110. London：Institute of Economic Affairs，5-6.

[96]Padgett，S.，（1990）Policy style and issue environment：The electricity supply sector in West Germany. Journal of Public Policy 10（2），165-93.

[97]Pfaffenberger，W.，（1996）Vergleich des Ordnungsrahmens der Stromversorgung in Deutschland und England，in Sturm，R. and Wilks，S.，（eds）Wettbewerbspolitik und die Ordnung der Elektrizit?tswirtschaft in Deutschland und Groβbritannien. Baden-Baden：Nomos，133-50.

[98]Polanyi，K.，（1957）The Great Transformation. The political and economic origins of our time. Boston：Beacon Press.

[99]Pollitt，C. and Bouckaert，G.，（2000）Public Sector Management Reform. A comparative analysis. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[100]Rhodes，M. and Apeldoorn，B. van（1997），Capitalism versus capitalism in Western Europe，in Rhodes，M.，Heywood，P. and Wright，V.，（eds） Developments in West European Politics. London：Macmillan，171-89.

[101]Riddell，P. ，（1989）The Thatcher Decade. Oxford：Blackwell.

[102]Ridley，F. F.，（2000）The public service in Britain：From administrative to managerial culture，in Wollmann，H. and Schr？ter，E.，Comparing Public Sector Reform in Britain and Germany：Key traditions and trends of modernisation. Aldershot：Ashgate.

[103]Riley，A. ，（2000）A unique antitrust regulatory problem：Coordinating concurrent competition powers. Utilities Law Review 11（2）.

[104]Roberts，J.，Elliott，D. and Houghton，T.，（1991）Privatising Electricity：The politics of power. London：Bellhaven Press.

[105]Rose，R.，（1993）Lesson-Drawing in Public Policy. A guide to learning across time and space. Chatham，NJ：Chatham House.

[106]Sabatier，P. A.，（1993）Advocacy-Koalitionen，Policy-Wandel und Policy-Lernen，in Héritier，A.，（ed.）Policy-Analyse. Kritik und Neuorientierung. Opladen：West-deutscher Verlag，116-48.

[107]Schmidt，S. K. ，（1996）Privatising the federal postal and telecommunications services，in Benz，A. and Goetz，K.，（eds）A New German Public Sector？Reform，adaptation and stability. Aldershot：Dartmouth，45-70.

[108]Schulte Janson，D.，（1999）Neue Fragestellungen für die Strompreisaufsicht und das Konzessionsabgabewesen. K?lner Miszellen zum Energierecht 8，55-75.

[109]Scott，C. ，（1998a）The proceduralisation of telecommunications law. Telecommunications Policy 22（3），243-54.

[110]Scott，C. ，（1998b）The juridification of regulatory relations in the UK utilities sectors，in Black，J. and Muchlinski，P.，（eds）Commercial Regulation and Judicial Review. Oxford：Hart.

[111]Scott，C. ，（2000）Accountability in the regulatory state. Journal of Law and Society 27（1），38-60.

[112]Story，J.，（1997）Globalisation，the European Union and German financial reform：The political economy of‘Finanzplatz Deutschland’，in Underhill，G.，（ed）（1997）The New World Order in International Finance. Basingstoke/London：Macmillan.

[113]Streeck，W.，（1997）German capitalism：Does it exist？Can it survive？In Crouch，C. and Streeck，W.，（eds）Political Economy of Modern Capitalism. Mapping convergence and diversity. London：Sage.

[114]Sturm，R.，（1996）Voraussetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen einer Reform der nationalen Wettbew erbsordnungen in der Elektrizit?tswirtschaft im deutsch-britischen Vergleich，in Sturm，R. and Wilks，S.，（eds）Wettbewerbspolitik und die Ordnung der Elektrizit?tswirtschaft in Deutschland und Gro？britannien. Baden-Baden：Nomos，59-76.

[115]Sturm，R.，（1999）Groβbritannien heute. Ist das Modell der Westminster-De-mokratie am Ende？In Merkel，W. and Busch，A.，（eds）Demokratie in Ost und West. Frankfurt a. M.：Suhrkamp，210-24.

[116]Sturm，R. and Wilks，S.，（1997）Competition Policy and Regulation of the Electricity Supply Industry in Britain and Germany.London：Anglo-German Foundation.

[117]Surrey，J. ，（1996）（ed.）The British Electricity Experiment. Privatisation：The record，the issues，the lessons. London：Earthscan Publications.

[118]Thatcher，M. ，（1999）The Politics of Telecommunications. National institutions，convergence and change. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[119]Thomas，S.，（1996）The development of competition，in Surrey，J.，（ed.）The British Electricity Experiment. Privatisation：The record，the issues，the lessons. London：Earthscan Publications，67-94.

[120]Tipton，F. B. and Aldrich，R.，（1987）An Economic and Social History of Europe，1890-1939. Basingstoke：Macmillan.

[121]Unger，B. and Waarden，F. van（1995），Convergence or Diversity？Internationalization and economic policy response？Aldershot：Ashgate.

[122]Veljanovski，C. with Bentley. M.，（1987）Selling the State. Privatisation in Britain. London：Weidenfeld and Nicholson.

[123]Vogel，D. ，（1986）National Styles of Regulation. Ithaca/London：Cornell University Press.

[124]Vogel，S.，（1996）Freer Markets，More Rules. Ithaca/London：Cornell University Press.

[125]Weyman-Jones，T. G. ，（1993）Regulating the privatised electricity utilities in the UK，in Clarke，T. and Pitelis，C.，（eds）The Political Economy of Privatisation. London：Routledge，93-107.

[126]Wilks，S.，（1996）Regulatory compliance and capitalist diversity in Europe. Journal of European Public Policy 3（4），536-59.

[127]Wilks，S. ，（1998）Utility regulation，corporate governance and the amoral corporate，in Doern，G. B. and Wilks，S.，（eds）Changing Regulatory Institutions in Britain and North America. Toronto：University of Toronto Press.

[128]Wilks，S. ，（1999）In the Public Interest. Competition policy and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. Manchester：Manchester University Press.

[129]Wilks，S. with Bartle，Ⅰ.，（2002）The unintended consequences of creating independent competition agencies. West European Politics 25（1），148-72.

[130]Wolfe，J. D.，（1999）Power and regulation in Britain. Political Studies 47（5），890-905.

[131]Wollmann，H.，（2000）Comparing institutional development in Britain and Germany：（Persistent）divergence or（progressing）convergence？，in Wollmann，H. and Schr?ter，E.，Comparing Public Sector Reform in Britain and Germany：Key traditions and trends of modernisation. Aldershot：Ashgate.

[132]Woodhouse，D. ，（2001）The law and politics：More power to the judges and to the people？Parliamentary Affairs 54（2），223-37.

[133]Wright，V. ，（1994）（ed.）Privatisation in Western Europe. Pressures problems and paradoxes. London：Pinter.

[134]Zysman，J. ，（1983）Governments，Markets and Growth. Financial systems and the politics of industrial change. Oxford：Robertson.

[1]ADB（Asian Development Bank）.1999. Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries. New York，NY：Oxford University Press.

[2]ADB（Asian Development Bank）.2000. Developing Best Practices for Promoting Private Sector Investment in Infrastructure：Water Supply. Asian Development Bank：Manila，Philippines.

[3]Armstrong，M.，S. Cowan，and J. Vickers.1994. Regulatory Reform：Economic Analysis and British Experience. Cambridge，MA：MIT Press.

[4]Demsetz，H.1968. “Why Regulate Utilities？” Journal of Law and Economics 11：55-67.

[5]Galal，A.，L. Jones，P. Tandon，and Ⅰ. Vogelsang.1994. Welfare Consequences of Selling Public Enterprises. ：an Empirical Analysis. Oxford，Great Britain：Oxford University Press.

[6]Gray，P. and M. Klein.1997. “Competition in Network Industries—Where and How to Introduce IT. ” Public Policy for the Private Sector，No.104. World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[7]IADB（Inter-American Development Bank）. 1999. “Profiles of Power Sector Reform in Selected Latin American and Caribbean Countries. ” IADB，Washington，D. C.

[8]Idelovitch，E.，and K. Ringskog.1995. Private Sector Participation in Water Supply and Sanitation in Latin America，The World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[9]IEA（International Energy Agency）.1999. Electricity Market Reform：An IEA Handbook. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development；IEA，Paris，France.

[10]IEA（International Energy Agency）.2002a. International Energy Outlook 2002. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development；IEA，Paris，France.

[11]IEA（International Energy Agency）.2002b. World Energy Projection System. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development；IEA，Paris，France.

[12]IEA（International Energy Agency）.2002c. Russia Energy Survey. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development；IEA，Paris，France.

[13]IIED（International Institute for Environment and Development）.2003. Local Action for Global Water Goals：Addressing Inadequate Water and Sanitation in Urban Areas. Prepared for UN-Habitat.14London，Great Britain：Earthscan.

[14]Interstate Commerce Commission（United States）. 1959. Seperation of Operating Expenses Between Freight and Passenger Service. 302 ICC 735.

[15]ITU（International Telecommunications Union）. 2001. “Effective Regulation：Brazil Case Study. ” ITU，Geneva，Switzerland.

[16]Jacobs，S. H.1999. “The Second Generation of Regulatory Reforms. ” IMF Conference on Second Generation Reforms，Washington，D. C.

[17]Jamasb，T.，and M. Pollitt.2000. “Benchmarking and Regulation of Electricity Transmission and Distribution Utilities：Lessons from International Experience.” Working Paper，University of Cambridge，Cambridge，Great Britain.

[18]Joskow，P. L.1998a. “Electricity Sectors in Transition. ” Energy Journal 19：25-62.

[19]Joskow，P. L. 1998b. “Regulatory Priorities for Reforming Infrastructure Sectors in Developing Countries. ” Presented at the 10th Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics，April 20-21，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[20]Kahn，A. E.1988. The Economics of Regulation：Principles and Institutions. Cambridge，MA：MIT Press.

[21]Kahn，A. E. 1996. “Argentina—The Reform of Regulation：An Overview. ” World Bank，Washington，D. C. Processed.

[22]Kay，J.2001. “Privatization in the United Kingdom，1979-1999. ” Mimeo. Available at www. johnkay. com.

[23]Kerf，M.2000. “Do State Holding Companies Facilitate Private Participation in the Water Sector？Evidence from Cote d’ Ivoire，the Gambia，Guinea and Senegal.” World Bank Working Paper No.2513，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[24]Kerf，M.，and W. Smith.1996. “Privatizing Africa’s Infrastructure—Promise and Challenges. ” World Bank Technical Paper No.337，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[25]Kessides，I. N.，J. J. Laffont，J. Ordover，and R. Willig.1999. “The Access Pricing Problem：Some Practical Rules in Telecommunications. ” Mimeo，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[26]Kessides，I. N.，and R. D. Willig.1995. “Restructuring Regulation of the Rail Industry for the Public Interest. ” World Bank Working Paper No.1506，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[27]Klein，M.1996a. “Competition in Network Industries. ” World Bank Working Paper No.1591，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[28]Klein，M. 1996b. “Economic Regulation of Water Companies”. World Bank Working Paper No.1649，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[29]Klein，M. 1998a. “Infrastructure Concessions—To Auction or Not to Auction？” PublicPolicy for the Private Sector Note No.159，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[30]Klein，M. 1998b. “Rebidding for Concessions. ” Public Policy for the Private Sector Note No.161. World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[31]Klein，M. 1999. “The Asian Crisis and Structural Change in Energy Markets. ” Energy Development Report，1999. World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[32]Klein，M.，and T. Irwin.1996. “Regulating Water Companies. ” Public Policy for the Private Sector Note No.77. The World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[33]Kleit，A. K.，and D. Terrell.2001. “Measuring Potential Efficiency Gains from Deregulation of Electricity Generation：a Bayesian Approach. ” Review of Economics and Statistics 83（3）：523-30.

[34]Kwoka，J. E.1996. Power Structure，Ownership，Integration and Competition in the US Electricity Industry. Boston，MA：Kluwer.

[35]Laffont，J. J.1996. “Regulation，Privatization，and Incentives in Developing Countries. ” In M. G. Quibira and J. M. Dowling，eds.，Current Issues in Economic Development—An Asian Perspective. Oxford，Great Britain：Oxford University Press.

[36]Levy，B.，and P. T. Spiller.1996. Regulations，Institutions，and Commitment：Comparative Studies of Telecommunications. Cambridge，MA：Cambridge University Press.

[37]Newbery，D. M.1997. “Privatization and Liberalization of Network Utilities. ” Presidential Address. European Economic Review 41：357-383.

[38]Newbery，D. M. 1999. Privatization，Restructuring，and Regulation of Network Utilities. Cambridge，MA：The MIT Press.

[39]Noll，R. G.1999. “The Economics of the Slowdown in Regulatory Reform. ” AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies，Washington，D. C.

[40]Noll，R. G.，M. M. Shirley，and S. Cowan.2000. “Reforming Urban Water Systems in Developing Countries”. SIEPR Discussion Paper No.99-32，Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research，Stanford University，Stanford，CA.

[41]Oates，W. E.1999. “An Essay on Fiscal Federalism. ” Journal of Economic Literature 37：1120-49.

[42]PPIAF（Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility）. 2001. Private Solutions for Infrastructure—Opportunities for Uganda. A Country Framework Report. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[43]PPIAF（Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility）/WSP（Water and Sanitation Program）. 2001. New Designs for Water and Sanitation Transactions：Making Private Sector Participation Work for the Poor. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[44]Roger，N.1999. “Recent Trends in Private Participation in Infrastructure” Public Policy for the Private Sector Note No.196，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[45]Shirley，M. M.，ed.2000，Thirsting for Efficiency：The Economics and Politics of Urban Water System Reform. Oxford，Great Britain：Elsevier Press.

[46]Smith，W.1997a. “Utility Regulators—Decision making，Structures，Resources，and Start-up Strategy. ” Public Policy for the Private Sector Note No.129，. The World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[47]Smith，W. 1997b. “Utility Regulators—Roles and Responsibilities. ” Public Policy for the Private Sector Note No.128，The World Bank.

[48]Smith，W. 1997c. “Utility Regulators-The Independence Debate. ” Public Policy for the Private Sector Note No.127，The World Bank.

[49]Smith，W. 2000a. “Regulating Infrastructure for the Poorest：Perspectives on Regulatory System Design. ” Presented at the Conference on Infrastructure and Development：Private Solutions and the Poor，London，May 31-June 2. Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility；Government of the United Kingdom；and World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[50]Smith，W. 2000b. “Regulating Utilities：Thinking About Location Questions. ” Presented at World Development Report 2002：Building Institutions for Markets.，Summer Research Workshop，Washington，D. C，July 17-19. World Bank，Washington，D. C. World Bank Workshop on Market Institutions.

[51]Spiller，P. T.，and L. Martorell.1996. “How Should it Be Done？Electricity Regulation in Argentina，Brazil，Uruguay and Chile. ” In R. Gilbert and A. E. Kahn，eds.，International Comparisons of Electricity Regulation. Cambridge，Great Britain：Cambridge University Press.

[52]Stern，N. 1991. “The Determinants of Growth. ” The Economic Journal 101 （404）：122-33.

[53]Stiglitz，J. E.1999. “Wither Reform？Ten Years of the Transition. ” Keynote Address at ABCDE，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[54]Stirton，L.，and M. Lodge.2001. “Telecommunications Reform in Jamaica：Toward Embedded Regulatory Autonomy？” Presented at the Development Studies Association annual conference，University of Manchester，September 10-12，Manchester，Great Britain.

[55]WHO（World Health Organization），UNICEF，and the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council. 2000. Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment，2000 Report.

[56]Willig，R. D.1994a. Before the（New York）Public Service Commission. PSC Case No.4-E-0136.

[57]Willig，R. D. 1994b. “Public versus Regulated Private Enterprise. ” Presented at the Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics，May 3-4 1993，World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[58]Willig，R. D. 1995. “Current and Forthcoming Issues in the Argentine Network Utilities. ” Mimeo，The World Bank，Washington，D. C. Processed.

[59]Willig，R. D. 1999. “Economic Principles to Guide Post-Privatization Governance. In F. Besanes，E. M. Uribe，and R. Willig，eds.，Can Privatization Deliver？Infrastructure for Latin America. Washington，D. C.：Inter-American Development Bank；and Baltimore，MD：Johns Hopkins University Press.

[60]Wirick，D. W. 1999. “New Models of Regulatory Commission Performance：The Diversity Imperative. ” NRRI 99-15，National Regulatory Research Institute，Ohio State University，Columbus，OH.

[61]WMO（World Meteorological Organization）.1992. “The Dublin Statement and Report of the Conference. ” Presented at the International Conference on Water and the Environment：Development Issues for the 21st Century，January，Dublin，Ireland.

[62]Wolak，F. A.，R. Nordhaus，and C Shapiro. 2000. “Order Proposing Remedies for California Wholesale Electric Markets. ”

[63]World Bank. 1992. BRAZIL Reforming the Telecommunications Sector：Policy Issues and Options for the 1990s. Report No.10213-BR.

[64]World Bank. .1994a. The Brazilian Railroad Industry：Options for Organizational Restructuring. Report 11752-BR. World Bank，Washington，D. C.

[65]World Bank. .1994b. Infrastructure for Development：World Development Report 1994.

[66]World Bank. .1995. Bureaucrats in Business：The Economics and Politics of Government Ownership.

[67]World Bank Policy Research Report.

[68]——.1996. Current and Forthcoming Regulatory Issues in the Argentine Network Utilities：A Suggested Agenda for the National Government.

[69]——.1999. Energy after the Financial Crises：Energy and Development Report 1999. Washington，D. C.

[70]——.2000a. Hungary：A Regulatory and Structural Review of Selected Infrastructure Sectors.

[71]——.2000b. Romania：Economic Principles to Guide Post-Privatization Governance in the Infrastructure Sectors.

[72]——.2001a. Greening Industry：A Policy Research Report.

[73]—— 2001b. Mexico. Private Participation in Infrastructure：Investment and Performance Challenges.

[74]——.2002. Sustainable Development in a Dynamic World：Institutions，Growth and Poverty. World Development Report 2003. New York：Oxford University Press.

[75]Woroch，G. A.2002. “Local Network Competition. ” In M. Cave，S. Majumdar，and I. Vogelsang，eds.，Handbook of Telecommunications Economics. Amsterdam，the Netherlands：Elsevier Press.

[76]Yvrande，A. 2000. “The New British Railways Structure：A Transaction Cost Economic Analysis.” DRUID Working Paper 2000-5，Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics，Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy，Copenhagen Business School，Copenhagen，Denmark.

[1]Armstrong，Mark，Simon Cowan，and John Vickers.1994. Regulatory Reform：Economic Analysis and British Experience. Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.

[2]Baron，D. 1989. “Design of Regulatory Mechanisms and Institutions. ” In R. Schmalensee and R. Willig，eds.，Handbook of Industrial Organization. Amsterdam：North-Hol-land.

[3]Baumol，W.，and G. Sidak. 1994. Toward Competition in Local Telephony. Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.

[4]Boardman，A.，and A. Vining.1989. “Ownership and Performance in a Competitive Environment：A Comparison of the Performance of Private，Mixed，and Stateowned Enterprises.” Journal of Law and Economics 32：1-33.

[5]Brown，S.，and D. Sibley.1983. The Theory of Public Utility Pricing. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.

[6]Crampes，C.，and A. Estache.1997. “Regulating Water Concessions—Lessons from the Buenos Aires Concession. ” In The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[7]Demsetz，H.1968. “Why Regulate Utilities？” Journal of Law and Economics 11：55-66. Economides，N.，and L. White.1995. “How Efficient Is the EfficientComponent Pricing Rule？” Antitrust Bulletin 40：557-ff.

[8]Economist.3 January 1998，59-60.

[9]Gavin，Michael，and Ricardo Hausmann.1997. “Make or Buy Approaches to Financial Market Integration. ” In Liliana Rojas-Suarez，ed. Safe and Sound Financial System：What Works for Latin America. Washington，D. C：Inter-American Development Bank.

[10]Gilbert，R. J.，and D. M. Newbery.1994. “The Dynamic Efficiency of Regulatory Constitutions. ” Rand Journal of Economics 25（4）：538-54.

[11]Goldberg，V. 1976. “Regulation and Administered Contracts. ” Bell Journal of Economics 7：426-52.

[12]Gray，Philip.1997. “Colombia’s Mixed Ownership Model for Privatizing Infrastructure. ” In The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[13]Hausman，J. 1997. “Taxation By Telecommunications Regulation. ” Massachusetts Institute of Technology，Department of Economics，Cambridge，Mass.

[14]Hayek，Friedrich A.1978. “Competition As a Discovery Procedure. ” In New Studies in Philosophy，Politics，Economics，and the History of Ideas. London：Routledge & Kegan Paul.

[15]Jatar，Ana Julia. 1993. “Implementing Competition Policy in Recently Liberalized Economies：The Case of Venezuela. ” Fordham Institute of Law，New York.

[16]Jatar，Ana Julia，and Luis Tineo.1998. “Five Years of Competition Policy in Peru：Challenges in the Transition to a Market Economy. ” National Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property，Lima，Peru.

[17]Joskow，P. L.1974. “Inflation and Environmental Concern：Change in the Process of Public Utility Price Regulation. ” Journal of Law and Economics 17（2）：291-327.

[18]Joskow，P. L. 1976. “Contributions of the Theory of Marginal Cost Pricing. ” Bell Journal of Economics 7（1）：197-206.

[19]Joskow，P. L. 1985. “Vertical Integration and Long-term Contracts：The Case of Coal-burning Electric Generating Plants. ” Journal of Law，Economics and Organization 1：33-79.

[20]Joskow，P. L. 1987. “Contract Duration and Relationship Specific Investment. ” American Economic Review 77：168-85.

[21]Joskow，P. L. 1998. “Electricity Sectors in Transition. ” The Energy Journal 19（2）：25-52.

[22]Joskow，P. L.，and R. Schmalensee. 1986. “Incentive Regulation for Electric Utilities. ” Yale Journal on Regulation 4：1-49.

[23]Kahn，A.1988. The Economics of Regulation：Principles and Institutions. Volumes 1 and 2. New York：Wiley；reprint，Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.

[24]Laffont，J. J.，and J. Tirole.1993. A Theory of Incentives in Procurement and Regulation. Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.

[25]Laffont，J. J.，and J. Tirole. 1996. “Creating Competition Through Interconnection：Theory and Practice. ” Journal of Regulatory Economics 10：227-56.

[26]Lyon，T.1991. “Regulation With 20-20 Hindsight：Heads I Win，Tails You Lose. ” RAND Journal of Economics 22（4）：581-95.

[27]Malinvaud，Edmond，Jean-Claude Milleron，Mustapha K. Nabli，Amartya K. Sen，Arjun Sengupta，Nicholas Stern，Joseph E. Stiglitz，and Kotaro Suzumura.1997. Development Strategy and Management of the Market Economy. Vol.1. Oxford：Clarendon Press.

[28]Newbery，D.，and M. Pollit.1997. “The Restructuring and Privatization of the CEGB：Was It Worth It. ” Journal of Industrial Economics 45：269-303.

[29]OSIPTEL.1995. Regulación y mercado de las telecomminicationes. Lima.

[30]OSIPTEL.1997. Boletin de Supervision. 1（4）（Sep/Nov）. Lima.

[31]Posner，Richard.1971. “Taxation by Regulation. ” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2：22-55.

[32]Rodriguez，A. E.，and M. Williams.1996. “Limits to antitrust Policy for Reforming Economies. ” Houston Journal of International Law 18（2）.

[33]Ruster，J.1997. “A Retrospective on the Mexican Toll Road Program（1989-94）. ” In The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[34]Schmalensee，Richard.1989. “Good Regulatory Regimes. ” RAND Journal of Economics 3：417-36.

[35]Smith，W.1997a. “Utility Regulators—The Independence Debate. ” In The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[36]Smith，W. 1997b. “Utility Regulators—Role and Responsibilities，” In The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[37]Smith，W. 1997c. “Utility Regulators—Decisionmaking Structures，Resources and Startup Strategy. ” In The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[38]Suzumura，Kotaro.1995. Competition，Commitment，and W. alfare. Oxford：Clarendon Press.

[39]Suzumura，Kotaro.1998. “Japan’s Industrial Policy for Telecommunications：The 1985 Institutional Reform and Its Aftermath. ” In Konosuke Odaka and Juro Teranishi，eds.，Markets and Government：In Search of Better Coordination. Tokyo：Maruzen.

[40]Suzumura，Kotaro.1999. “Consequences，Opportunities，and Procedures. ” Social Choice and Welfare 16（1）：17-40.

[41]Telefonica del Peru. 1996. Prospectus（May）.

[42]——.1997. News Release（July 31）.

[43]Vickers，J.，and G. Yarrow.1988. Privatization：An Economic Analysis. Cambridge，Mass.：MIT Press.

[44]van de Berg，C.1997. “Water Privatization and Regulation in England and Wales. ” In The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk. Washington，D. C.：World Bank.

[45]Williamson，O.1976. “Franchise Bidding for Natural Monopolies—In General and With Respect to CATV. ” Bell Journal of Economics 7：73-104.

[46]Williamson，O. 1983. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York：The Free Press.

[47]Williamson，O. 1993. “Transaction Cost Economics and Organization Theory. ” Industrial and Corporate Change 2：107-56.

[48]Willig，R.1978. “Pareto Superior Outlay Schedules. ” Bell Journal of Economics 9：56-69.

[49]Wilson，R.1992. Nonlinear Pricing. Oxford：Oxford University Press.

[50]Wolfram，C.1997. “Measuring Duopoly Power in the British Electricity Spot Market. ” Harvard niversity，Department of Economics，Cambridge，Mass.

[51]World Bank. 1997. The Private Sector in Infrastructure：Strategy Regulation and Risk. Washington，D. C.

[1]Araújo，J. L.（2001），Investment in the Brazilian ESI-What Went Wrong？What Should be Done？，Instituto de Economia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.

[2]Araúo，J. L.，A. Oliveira，L. Losekann，P. Zendron（2000），Power Market Issues in the Brazilian ESI Reform，23rd Annual International Conference of the IAEE，June 2000，Sidney.

[3]APEC（2000），Electricity Sector Deregulation in the APEC Region，Asia Pacific Energy Research Center，March 2000，Tokyo.

[4]ARERC-CEEE（2000），Measuring Electric and Natural Gas Supply/Service Quality and Providing Incentives for Improvement，Licensing/Competition Committee Questionnaire，4th Annual Regional Energy Regulatory Conference for Central/Eastern Europe and Eurasia，December11-13 2000，Bucharest.

[5]Bacon，R. W. and J. Besant-Jones（2001），Global Electric Power Reform，Privatization and Liberalization of the Electric Power Industry in Developing Countries，Annual Review Energy and the Environment，26∶331-359.

[6]Beato，P. and J. J. Laffont（2002），Competition in Public Utilities in Developing Countries，Sustainable Development Department，Technical Papers Series，2/02，IFM-127，Inter-American Development Bank，Washington DC.

[7]Bergara，M.，W. J. Henisz，P. T. Spiller（1997），Political Institutions and Electric Utility Investment：A Cross-Nation-Analysis，University of California Energy Institute，Program on Workable Energy Regulation（POWER），Working Paper，No. PWP-052，September 1997.

[8]Borenstein，S.，J. Bushnell，and F. Wolak（2002），Measuring Market Inefficiencies in California’s Restructured Wholesale Electricity Market，Working Paper，CSEM WP102..

[9]CSEM WP 102，Center for the Study of Energy Markets，University of California Energy Institute，Berkley （Forthcoming in American Economic Review）.

[10]Business Line （2001a），AES Complains to PM about Orissa Govt，October 23. Article can be found at：http：//www. blonnet. com/businessline.

[11]Business Line（2001b），AES Pulls out of Power Distribution in Orissa，July 20. Article can be found at：http：//www. blonnet. com/businessline.

[12]Chnag，H.-J.（1997），The Economics and Politics of Regulation，Cambridge Journal of Economics，21∶703-728.

[13]Doble，M.，Markou，E. and Waddams，C.（1998）Utility Regulation：Fairness for All？ Responses to the Government’s Green Paper，Centre for Management Under Regulation，University of Warwick，Research Paper，July 1998，No.98/2.

[14]Domah，P.，M. Pollitt，The Restructuring and Privatisation of Electricity Distribution and Supply Businesses in England and Wales：A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis，Fiscal Studies；22（1），March 2001，pp.107-46.

[15]Drillisch，J. and C. Riechmann（1998），Liberalization of Electricity Supply Industry：Evaluation of Reform Policies，Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry，Tokyo and Institute of Energy Economics，University of Cologne，EWI-Working Paper 98/5，December 1998.

[16]Fay，M. （2001），Financing the Future：Infrastructure Need in Latin America，2000-05，Finance，Private Sector Development，and Infrastructure Unit，Latin America and the Caribbean Region，World Bank.

[17]Fisher，J. V. and T. P. Duane（2001），Trends in Electricity Consumption，Peak Demand and Generation Capacity in California and Western Grid 1977-2000，Program on Workable Energy Regulation（POWER），Working Paper，No. PWP-085，University of California Energy Institute.

[18]Fisher，R. and P. Serra（2000）Regulating the Electricity Sector in Latin America，Ekonomia，Fall 2000，pp.155-218.

[19]Gómes-Ibá?ez，J. A.（1999），The Future of Private Infrastructure：Lessons from the Nationalization of Electric Utilities in Latin America，1943-1979，Discussion Paper，January 1999，Taubman Center for State and Local Government，John F. Kennedy School of Government，University of Harvard.

[20]IADB（2001a），Competitiveness：The Business of Growth，Economic and Social Progress in Latin America，2001 Report，Research Department，Inter-American Development Bank.

[21]IADB（2001b），Workshop in Reform in Small Electricity Markets：The Role of Competition，Inter-American Development Bank，presentation notes，27 April 2001，Washington DC.

[22]Jamasb，T.，M. Pollitt（2001），Benchmarking and Regulation of Electricity Distribution and Transmission Utilities：Lessons from International Experience，DAE Working Paper 01/01，Department of Applied Economics，University of Cambridge.

[23]Joskow，P. L. and E. Kahn（2002），A Quantitative Analysis of Pricing Behavior in California’s Wholesale Electricity Market during Summer 2000 （forthcoming in The Energy Journal 2002）.

[24]Joskow，P. L.（2001），California’s Electricity Crisis，Oxford Review of Economic Policy，17（3），365-388.

[25]Joskow，P. L.（1998），Electricity Sectors in Transition，The Energy Journal，Vol.19，No.2，pp.25-52.

[26]Joskow. P. L.，R. Schmalensee（1983），Market for Power：An Analysis of Electric Utility Deregulation，MIT Press，Cambridge，Massachusetts.

[27]Kraav，E. （2000），Removing/Restructuring Distortional Energy Subsidies in Estonia，Case study presented at the UN-ECE/OECD Workshop on Enhancing the Environment by Reforming Energy Prices，Pruhonice，14-16 June 2000，Weblink：http：//www.env.cebin.cz/akce/pruhonice_e/estonia.html.

[28]Littlechild，S.（2000），Privatization，Competition，and Regulation in the British Electricity Industry，With implications for Developing Countries，Energy Sector Management Assistance Program（ESMAP），World Bank，February 2000.

[29]Millan，J.，E. Lora，and A. Micco（2001），Sustainability of the Electricity Sector Reforms in Latin America，Research Department，Inter-American Development Bank. Prepared for the seminar Towards Competitiveness：The Institutional Path，March 2001，Santiago，Chile.

[30]Moen，J.（2000），Introducing Competition into the Electricity Industry in Developing Countries：Lessons from Bolivia，Energy Sector Management Assistance Program （ESMAP），World Bank，August 2000.

[31]Mookherjee，D.（1998），Incentives Reforms in Developing Country Bureaucracies：Lessons from Tax Administration，in B. Pleskovic and J. Stiglitz，eds，Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1997，Washington DC.

[32]NEPO（2000），Electricity Tariff Restructuring，briefing paper，National EnergyPolicy Office，Thailand，Web-link：http：//www.nepo.go.th/power/pwc-tariff-E. html.

[33]Newbery，D. M.（2002），Issues and Options for Restructuring Electricity Supply Industries，Working Paper CMI EP 01/DAE 0210，Department of Applied Economics，University of Cambridge.

[34]Newbery，D. M.（1999），The UK Experience：Privatization with Market Power，Prepared for the CEPR Monitoring European Deregulation：Electricity，Feb.1999. Paper can be found at：http：//www.econ.cam.ac. uk/dae/people/newbery/outputdownload.htm

[35]NMPE（2001），The Energy Sector and Water Resources in Norway，Fact Sheet，Norwegian Ministry of Energy and Petroleum.

[36]OECD（2000），Regulatory reform in network industries，in OECD Economic Outlook No.67，Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development，Paris.

[37]Samarajiva，R.，A. Mahan，and A. Barendse（2002），Multisector Utility Regulation，World Dialogue on Regulation for Network Economies（WDR）Discussion Paper No.0203，Economics of Infrastructures，Delft University of Technology.

[38]Stern，J.（2000），Electricity and Telecommunications Regulatory Institutions in Small and Developing Countries，Utilities Policy，Vol.9，September，No.3，pp.131-157.

[39]Stern，J.（1999），Styles of Regulation：The Choice of Approach to Utility Regulation in Central and Eastern Europe，London Business School，Regulatory Initiative Working Paper，No.34.

[40]TND（2002），Private Entry into Distribution Key to Power Sector Reform，The Newspaper Today，April 8，Article can be found at：www.thenewspapertoday.com.

[41]Todd Energy（2000），Ministerial Inquiry into the Electricity Industry，New Zealand，No.472，Prepared by Todd Energy，March 2000.

[42]Tomkins，R. （2001），Extending Rural Electrification：A Survey of Innovative Schemes，in eds.，Brook，P. J. and S. M. Smith，Contracting for Public Services：Output Based Aid and Its Applications，Private Sector Advisory Services，World Bank，Washington DC.

[43]Wolf，F.，J. Halpern（2001），Integrating Independent Power Producers into Emerging Wholesale Power Markets，World Bank，Private Sector Development，Working Paper，No.2703，November 2001，Washington，DC.

[44]World Bank（2002），World Development Report 2002：Building Institutions for Markets，World Bank，Washington DC.

[45]World Bank （2001a），Multi-Utilities：Policy，Public Policy for the Private Sector Note，No.228，March 2001，World Bank，Washington DC.

[46]World Bank （2001b），The California Experience with Power Sector Reform：Lessons for Developing Countries，Energy and Mining Sector Board，World Bank，April 2001，Washington DC.

[47]World Bank （2000a），Scorecard for Subsidies：How Utility Subsidies Perform in Transition Economies，Public Policy for the Private Sector Note，No.218，October 2000，World Bank，Washington DC.

[48]World Bank （2000b），The Single-Buyer Model：A Dangerous Path Toward Competitive Electricity Markets，Public Policy for the Private Sector，Note No.225，September 2000，Washington，DC.

[49]World Bank （2000c），Reducing Corruption：Lessons from Venezuela，PREM notes，Public Sector，No.39，May 2000，Washington DC.

[50]World Bank （2000d），Energy Services for the World’s Poor，Energy and Development Report 2000，Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme，World Bank，Washington DC.

[51]World Bank（1999），Reforming Bolivia’s Power Sector，World Bank Operations Evaluation Department，No.192，Spring 1999，Washington DC.

[52]World Bank（1998a），The Impact of IPPs in Developing Countries-Out of the Crisis and into the Future，Public Policy for the Private Sector，Note No.162，December 1998，World Bank，Washington DC.

[53]World Bank（1998b），The East-Asian Financial Crisis-Fallout for Private Power Projects，Public Policy for the Private Sector，Note No.146，August 1998，World Bank，Washington DC.

[54]World Bank（1995），Bureaucrats in Business：The Economics and Politics of Government Ownership，World Bank Policy Research Report，Oxford University Press.

[1]Baumol，William J.，and Robert D. Willig，“Fixed Costs，Sunk Costs，Entry Barriers，and Sustainability of Monopoly，” Quarterly Journal of Economics，95 （1981），405-31.

[2]Baumol，William J.，and Robert D. Willing，Using Competition as a Guide，” Regulation（1987）：28-36.

[3]Baumol，William J.，Panzar，John C. and Robert D. Willig，Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure，San Diego：Harcourt Brace Jovanovich，1988.

[4]Beyer，Kenneth D. ，“The Costs of Price Regulation：Lessons from Rail Regulation，” Rand Journal of Economics，18（1987）：408-16.

[5]Braeutigan，Ronald R.，“An Analysis of Fully Distributed Cost Pricing in Regulated Industries，” Bell Journal of Economics，（1977）：182-195.

[6]Braeutigan，Ronald R. ，“Optimal Pricing with Intermodal Competition，” American Economic Review 69 （1979）：38-49.

[7]Braeutigan，Ronald R. ，“ Socially Optimal Pricing with Rivalry and Economies of Scale，：The Rand Journal of Economics，15（1984）：127-135.

[8]Friedlaender，Ann F. ，“The Social Costs of Regulating the Railroads，” American Economic Review，61 （1971）：226-234.

[9]Friedlaender，Ann F.，The Dilemma of Freight Transport Regulation，Washington，D. C.：The Brookings Institution，1969.

[10]Friedlaender，Ann F.，and Richard H. Spady，Freight Transport Regulation，Cambridge：The MIT Press，1980.

[11]Harris，R. G. ，“Economies of Traffic Density in the Rail Freight Industry，” Bell Journal of Economics，8（1977）：556-564.

[12]Kahn，Alfred E. ，The Economics of Regulation，Cambridge：The MIT Press，1988.

[13]Keeler，Theodore E.，Railroad，Freight and Public Policy，Washington，D. C.：The Brookings Institution，1983.

[14]Levin，Richard C. ，“ Railroad Rates，Profitability，and Welfare Under Deregulation，：Bell Journal of Economics，12 （1981）：1-26.

[15]Levin，Richard C.，“Exit Barriers and Railroad Investment：In Gary From，ed.，Studies in Public Regulation，Cambridge：The MIT Press，1981.

[16]Levin，Richard C.，“Allocation in Surface Freight Transportation：Does Rate Regulation Matter？” Bell Journal of Economics，9（1978）：18-45.

[17]Ordover，J.，and Robert Willing，“An Economic Definition of Predation：Pricing and Product Innovation，” Yale Law Journal，90 （1981）：1-44.

[18]Ordover，J.，Sykes，A.，and Robert Willig，“Non-Price Anticompetitive Behavior by Dominant Firms Toward the Producers of Complementary Products，” Antitrust and Regulation，The MIT Press，1985.

[19]Tye，William B.，“The Voluntary Negotiations Approach to Rail Competitive Access in the Transition to Deregulation，” The Antitrust Bulletin （1987）：415-50.

[20]Willig，Robert D.，and William J. Baumol，“Using Competition as a Guide，” Regulation，1（1987）：28-35.

[1]王永干主编《中国电力工业体制改革历程》，中国科学技术出版社，2001。

[2]高世楫、秦海：《从制度变迁的角度看监管体系演进：国际经验的一种诠释和中国改革实践的分析》，《洪范评论》第2卷第3辑，2005。

[3]张驰：《中外电力改革理论与实践的比较分析》，《电力技术经济》2005年第4期。

[4]国家电监会国外监管制度考察报告，电监会内部材料。

[1]Helm，D.（1994），“British Utility Regulation：Theory，Practice，and Reform”，Oxford Review of Economic Policy，Vol.10，pp.17-39.

[2]LAFFONT. J-J. and D. MARTIMORT（1999），“Separation of regulators against collusive behavior”，RAND Journal of Economics，Vol.30，No.2，Summer，pp.232-262.

[3]NEVEN，D.，R. NUTTALL and P. SEABRIGHT（1993），“Regulatory capture and the design of the European merger policy”，in D. Neven，R. Nuttal and P. Seabright（eds），Merger in daylight，London：CEPR Press.