篇章数

8

引证文献

1 !

参考文献

172

环境与贫困:中国实践与国际经验图书

Environment and Poverty: The Chinese Practice and International Perspectives

SSAPID:101-5252-9689-51
ISBN:7-80190-451-6
DOI:
ISSN:

[内容简介] 本书从国内的实践基础与国际经验出发,探讨了中国环境与贫困及其两者之间的关系,并对世界银行在中国实施的环境与贫困相关项目进行了评估,国际经验部分分别探讨了森林资源管理、生物多样性保护、农业与野生动植物保持、水资源管理等自然资源管理与贫困之间的关系,反映了环境资源管理与反贫困之间协调发展的国际实践的最新理念和趋势,具有一定的学术价值和现实意义。

相关信息

丛书名:中国农业大学人文与发展学院学术文库
作 者: 李小云
编 辑:段青
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2004年12月
语 种:中文
中图分类:E 军事

 致谢

 Acknowledgement

 前言

 第一部分 中国环境与贫困

  第一章 中国环境与贫困:现状、关系和问题

   一 现状

    (一)贫困现状

     1.农村贫困人口

     2.城市贫困人口

     3.生活工作在城市的农民工

    (二)环境现状

     1.农村的资源环境问题

     2.城市的资源环境问题

     3.环境污染的城乡转移

    (三)环境与贫困的联系

     1.农村环境与贫困

     2.城市环境与贫困

     3.农民工所处的城市环境

   二 环境政策对贫困的影响

    (一)自然保护区制度

    (二)退耕还林(草)

    (三)城市大气污染治理

     1.污染企业搬迁

     2.煤改电、气等清洁能源

   三 扶贫政策对环境的影响

   四 环境与贫困的联系:需要研究的课题

    (一)自然资源共管

    (二)生态补偿机制

    (三)宏观政策层面统筹环境与贫困问题

    (四)城乡人口流动(从农村到城市)对环境与贫困的影响

     1.对农村贫困的影响

     2.对农村环境的影响

     3.对城市环境的影响

     4.对城市贫困的影响

    (五)城乡污染转移(从城市到农村)对环境与贫困的影响

     1.对农村环境的影响

     2.对农村贫困的影响

     3.对城市环境的影响

     4.对城市贫困的影响

   五 小结

  第二章 中国云南的环境保护与扶贫政策的相互联系研究*

   一 中国环境保护与扶贫政策回顾

    (一)中国的环境保护政策

    (二)中国的扶贫攻坚政策

   二 中国云南的环境保护与扶贫

    (一)概况

    (二)云南的环境保护政策

    (三)云南联系环境的扶贫政策及其实施

    (四)联系环境的扶贫政策实施障碍

   三 结语

 第二部分 环境与贫困项目评估

  第三章 评估世界银行在中国的环境与贫困项目*

   一 概要

   二 项目背景简介

    (一)环境与贫困的联系

    (二)评估对象

   三 对世界银行项目的评估

    (一)对环境干预类项目的评估:长江流域水资源项目

     1.长江流域水资源项目评估

     2.长江项目与减少贫困

    (二)对以环境干预为主、辅以减贫目标的项目的评估:二期黄土高原项目

     1.项目实施

     2.项目成果

     3.仍待解决的问题

    (三)对多部门综合扶贫项目的评估:西南扶贫项目

     1.减贫效果

     2.成功的局限性

    (四)对有明确环境干预和扶贫措施的项目的评估:山西扶贫项目

     1.环境干预评估

     2.局限性

     3.减贫效果评估

     4.性别与参与:妇联

     5.环境与贫困的联结

    (五)世界银行项目评估结论

   四 分主题领域对项目的评估

    (一)监测

    (二)目标瞄准

    (三)参与

    (四)性别不平等

    (五)可持续性

    (六)可重复性

   五 结论与建议

   附录一 相关数据

    1.西南扶贫项目:1995~1999年数据

    2.参与式项目评估:吕梁地区

   附录二 评估世界银行项目和其他环境贫困项目名单

 第三部分 环境与贫困:国际经验

  第四章 贫困与环境

   一 贫困导致环境恶化吗?

   二 消除障碍

   三 全球化和贫困

   四 巴基斯坦的贫困与环境:一个国家尺度上的例子

   五 林业管理:破坏和冲突的来源

   六 英国的环境公平性:国家尺度*

   七 世界峰会

  第五章 自联合国环境与发展大会以来的森林政策与实践

   一 森林在可持续发展中的地位:里约热内卢会议后的简要报告

   二 十年与五个(尝试性的)转变

    (一)“众多利益相关者共同参与”成为新的规范

    (二)促进持续改善的、实用的国家体制获得的进展

    (三)对可持续森林资源管理(SFM)不断增长的共识

    (四)消费者对生产过程进行区分

    (五)一次有意义的环境大清扫

   三 依旧存在的五大趋势

    (一)经济势力的全球化

    (二)可持续林业管理(SFM)的倡议和知识产品的全球化

    (三)林地、资源、管理和服务的私有化

    (四)决策制定和资源控制的地方化

    (五)可持续林业管理(SFM)不稳定的财政基础

   四 未来的五个挑战

    (一)“超越部门”地思考和行动

    (二)考虑用“治理的PC&I”去补充“可持续林业管理(SFM)的PC&I”

    (三)确保环境服务市场的真正运作

    (四)从南部国家角度来看的负责的森林商业

    (五)有关森林资产是如何被利用的信息

   五 来自树木的力量:好的森林管理方式怎样能帮助脱贫

    (一)变化的环境、新的世界秩序、不变的贫困

    (二)有利于穷人的林业:新的机会

   六 利用森林来减少贫困:国家治理方面的四个挑战

    (一)加强权利、能力和地方决策

    (二)减少穷人的脆弱性

    (三)使更多的穷人抓住市场机遇

    (四)合作

   七 森林用于减少贫困:国际治理的五个挑战

    (一)意识到良好的森林管理是降低贫困的力量——但不是通过粗暴的“强制方式”

    (二)停止排斥森林社区并开始倾听穷人们的声音

    (三)停止制定国际计划并开始实施一些计划

    (四)需要负责任的森林企业和公平的贸易

    (五)收拾好自己的家:强化“动作迟缓的巨人们”的责任感

  第六章 通过生物多样性的保持和持续利用来减少贫困

   一 生物多样性为什么重要

   二 挑战

   三 机遇

  第七章 协调农业与野生生物的关系:生态农业的政策与研究挑战

  第八章 改善水供给和卫生的途径:根据千年发展目标重新思考前进的道路

   一 20世纪90年代新的国际水和卫生议程

   二 错误解释全球水危机

    1.保证穷人能获得水

    2.促进卫生和卫生地使用水

    3.赋予被剥夺的群体以权力

   三 过分推销私有部门的参与

    (一)PSP的悠久历史

    (二)对于PSP夸大的声明

     1.私有部门将提供所需的资金

     2.私有部门将排除不必要的政治因素

     3.私有部门参与将带来所需的效率

     4.PSP作为一种转换

   四 再次聚焦水与卫生的目标和支持好的管理

本书从国内实践出发,探讨了环境与贫困及其两者之间的关系,并对世界银行在中国实施的环境与贫困相关项目进行了评估。国际经验部分探讨了森林资源管理、生物多样性保护、农业与野生动植物保持、水资源管理等自然资源管理与贫困之间的关系,反映了环境资源管理与反贫困之间协调发展的国际实践的最新理念和趋势,为实现可持续发展战略提供了理论指导与实践经验,具有一定的学术价值和现实意义。

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简 介:本书共分5章,内容包括:三江平原湿地保护的现状与策略、资源保护与生计替代的策略、生计替代的技术选择方案、社区参与自然资源管理、公共政策对湿地保护的影响。

作者: 汪力斌 李小云
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2008年12月