篇章数

8

引证文献

0 !

参考文献

198

发展与幸福图书

Development and Happiness

SSAPID:101-0271-0373-72
ISBN:978-7-5201-0054-0
DOI:
ISSN:

[内容简介] 本书基于个体发展、宏观经济发展以及城乡社会结构视角,通过大量的模型和数据破解“幸福收入悖论”。书中分析了教育、收入等个体发展变量对主观幸福感的直接效应,还分析了童年家境通过教育、收入、童年心理需要、目前心理需要等对主观幸福感的间接效应;并且从不同社会系统比较的视角,分析了居民的生活方式、精神文化以及生活心态与价值观念对主观幸福感的影响。

相关信息

丛书名:国际减贫与发展丛书
作 者: 冯贺霞
编 辑:冯咏梅
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2016年12月
语 种:中文
中图分类:F0 经济学

 摘要

 导论

  一 研究背景

  二 研究的问题和意义

   (一)研究的问题

   (二)研究意义

    1.理论意义

    2.现实意义

  三 研究内容、基本思路和框架

   (一)研究的主要内容

   (二)研究思路和章节安排

  四 研究方法与数据

   (一)研究方法

   (二)数据来源与说明

  五 重要概念的说明

   (一)主观幸福感的规范性概念

   (二)发展的角度选择

  六 研究的特色和可能的创新

   (一)研究视角的新颖

   (二)研究方法的独特

    1.多元递归的实证分析方法

    2.城乡社会结构中的幸福收入悖论分析方法

 第一章 研究综述

  一 幸福收入悖论

  二 探究幸福之源

   (一)个体发展与幸福

   (二)宏观经济发展与幸福

  三 主观幸福感产生的心理机制

   (一)攀比心理

   (二)适应性心理

  四 中国幸福问题的研究进展

  五 简评

 第二章 主观幸福感的测量和理论发展

  一 主观幸福感的测量

   (一)客观测量方法

    1.生理测量法和行为测量法

    2.社会指标法

   (二)主观测量法

    1.自陈量表法

    2.基数测量法

  二 经济学的幸福理论发展

   (一)古典经济学的幸福理论

    1.斯密的幸福原理

    2.功利主义幸福理论

   (二)边际主义的幸福理论

   (三)新古典经济学的幸福理论

   (四)福利经济学的幸福理论

   (五)行为经济学的幸福理论

   (六)发展经济学的幸福理论

  三 简评

 第三章 个体发展与幸福

  一 研究背景和问题

  二 文献评论

   (一)童年家境与个体发展

   (二)主观幸福感与个体发展

   (三)研究思路和方法

  三 模型、数据与变量

   (一)幸福函数最优化分析

   (二)多元递归概率模型

   (三)数据特征与变量选择

  四 核心变量的统计分析

  五 实证模型结果分析

   (一)多元递归概率模型回归结果分析

   (二)童年家境对个体发展的效应分析

  六 小结

 第四章 宏观经济发展与幸福

  一 引言

  二 文献评论

  三 理论框架和研究方法

   (一)基本模型

   (二)攀比理论

   (三)适应性理论

   (四)实证模型——Order Probit模型

  四 数据及变量统计

   (一)数据来源

   (二)变量选择及描述

   (三)核心变量的总貌及变化趋势

  五 实证模型回归结果分析

   (一)经济增长与主观幸福感

   (二)收入分配与主观幸福感

   (三)收入再分配与主观幸福感

   (四)稳健性检验

  六 小结

 第五章 城乡社会结构与幸福

  一 研究背景和问题

  二 文献评论

  三 模型、变量与数据

   (一)实证模型

   (二)变量的选择、定义及描述

  四 实证结果与分析

   (一)城乡幸福收入悖论

   (二)城乡幸福收入悖论影响因素分析

   (三)城乡幸福收入悖论的存在条件

  五 总结性的评论与启示

 第六章 国民幸福指标体系实践经验借鉴

  一 经济发展指标的反思

  二 国民幸福指标体系的实践与应用

   (一)全球国民幸福指数

   (二)欠发达国家的国民幸福指标体系——以不丹为例

    1.幸福的四大支柱

    2.幸福的九大领域

     (1)心理幸福感(Psychological Well-being)

     (2)健康(Health)

     (3)教育(Education)

     (4)文化多样性及承受性(Cultural Diversity and Weight-bearing)

     (5)时间利用(Time Use)

     (6)政府善治(Good Governance)

     (7)社区活力(Community Vitality)

     (8)生态多样性与恢复能力(Ecological Diversity and Resilience)

     (9)生活水平(Living Standard)

   (三)发达国家的国民幸福指标体系

    1.全球最幸福的国度——以北欧国家为例

     (1)丹麦经验

     (2)瑞典经验

    2.东亚的“快乐鸿沟”——以新加坡为例

  三 国民幸福指标体系的实践经验和启示

 第七章 结论、政策建议及研究展望

  一 主要结论

  二 政策启示

   (一)加快经济发展

   (二)完善社会制度体系

   (三)加强精神文明建设

   (四)构建国民幸福指标体系

  三 研究展望

长期以来,以收入为主的经济指标一直被视作度量福利水平高低的一个主要指标,而所有提高社会福利和促进发展的经济政策,最后大多归结于经济的长期增长。直到1974年,Easterlin发现发达国家出现了幸福不随收入增加而增加的“幸福收入悖论”现象,幸福及与其相关的问题重新回归到经济学家们的研究视野。然而,经济学对主观幸福感问题关注的重点依然是以收入为主的客观因素,对主观心理因素关注不够。获取幸福的路径,除了提高物质财富、教育质量等客观路径外,还包含个人关系需求、能力需求与自我实现,以及生活的意义和目标等主观路径。并且,随着物质生活水平的提升,获取主观幸福感的主观路径会越发重要,甚至会超过客观路径对主观幸福感的效应。因此在本书中,基于幸福收入悖论的客观现实,我们将影响幸福的客观因素与主观心理因素纳入模型分析中,分别从个体发展、宏观经济发展和城乡社会结构三个方面对幸福与发展问题进行了深入、细致的研究。本书的研究主要从以下三个方面展开。第一,研究个体发展对幸福的影响。一方面,个体的收入、教育、健康等客观层面的发展因素,以及个体的心理需要等主观心理因素均是影响个体主观幸福感的重要因素;另一方面,个体的这些发展因素很可能与其童年时期父辈的发展密切相关。基于此,本书运用2008年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)微观数据,采用多元递归概率模型(Recursive Multivariate Probit Model),研究童年家境对主观幸福感的直接效应,以及童年家境通过个体发展对主观幸福感的间接效应。实证结果表明,童年家境不仅直接影响个体的主观幸福感,而且通过个体的收入、教育及心理需要等因素间接影响个体的主观幸福感。可见,个体早期的经历对其幸福的间接效应很可能是造成幸福收入悖论的重要原因,这为破解幸福收入悖论提供了新的研究视角和方法。第二,研究宏观经济发展对幸福的影响。该部分的主要研究目的在于从收入分配、民生投资等宏观经济变量视角破解我国纵向的幸福收入悖论。本书使用2003~2008年中国综合社会调查数据及相关的宏观数据,运用Order Probit模型,分析经济增长、收入分配以及政府在教育、医疗、社会保障方面的财政支出对居民幸福感的影响效应。实证分析的结论是,经济增长、物质财富的积累是实现居民主观幸福感的前提和基础。然而,经济增长、收入水平对居民主观幸福感的影响显著但系数较小,而相对收入地位的改善、公平的收入分配以及政府在教育、医疗、社会保障方面的民生投资却能显著提升居民的主观幸福感。第三,研究城乡社会结构对幸福的影响。该部分的主要研究目的在于破解中国城市社会结构中的幸福收入悖论。中国经济快速增长的同时,城乡居民收入以及教育、医疗、社会保障等物质生活条件的差距不断扩大,但一些实证分析表明,中国农村居民的主观幸福感强于城镇居民。本书将这种悖论式的事实置于城乡二元经济社会结构现实之中,运用Order Probit模型对中国综合社会调查数据进行了实证分析。结果表明,一方面,城乡幸福收入悖论主要源于城乡居民不同的主观心态;另一方面,如果控制包括心态在内的其他条件,在那些绝对收入达到或超过71.3%的均值水平的城乡居民中,农村居民的幸福感强于城市居民。上述分析结果启示我们:首先,幸福收入悖论并非意味着我们要抛弃经济增长,而是在实现经济增长的基础上,关注获取各种资源的公平机会,完善社会保障体系,实现经济、社会、环境与人的全面协调发展;其次,在促进我国可持续发展的进程中,要注重提高个体的教育水平,改善其健康状况,关注个体的主观心理;再次,由于父辈的发展状况对个体的发展有着重要的影响,因此在实施相关的福利政策时,要关注儿童的客观福利和主观心理福祉;最后,现代化、工业化、城市化都只是发展的路径而非发展的目的,城市化进程有可能是建造“幸福围城”的过程,从而违背城市化发展的基本初衷。就发展的终极目的而言,城市化不是发展的唯一路径,增加农民收入、为农民提供均等化的公共基础服务,在农村同样能增强人们的福祉。

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