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富裕中的贫困图书

Poverty and the Gap between the Rich and the Poor in Britain Nineteen Century

SSAPID:101-9950-0327-01
ISBN:978-7-5097-9855-3
DOI:
ISSN:

[内容简介] 贫困与贫富差距问题是19世纪上半期英国十分严重的社会问题。由于社会财富分配不公,英国贫富差距急剧扩大,穷人愈穷,富人愈富,社会出现了严重的两极分化。在社会矛盾日益尖锐,社会局势动荡不安的形势下,英国政府不得不采取措施来缩小贫富差距,缓解社会矛盾,化解因贫困问题而可能发生的社会冲突。本书是国内第一本探讨19世纪英国贫困与贫富差距及其化解问题的专著,对当前中国解决贫困与贫富差距问题,具有一定的借鉴意义。

相关信息

丛书名:京师世界近现代史研究丛书
作 者: 郭家宏
编 辑:赵薇
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2016年11月
语 种:中文
中图分类:K5 欧洲史

 第一章 工业革命与英国贫富差距问题的发展

  一 工业革命与英国贫富差距问题的发展

   (一)贫困的概念及其历史演变

   (二)工业革命与英国贫困与贫富差距问题的发展

    1.工业革命与高度富裕社会的出现

    2.贫困与贫富差距问题加剧

  二 19世纪英国贫富差距问题的根源

   (一)19世纪英国贫困与贫富差距问题发展的根源

   (二)时代变迁与英国贫困观念的变化

    1.贫困是个人懒惰的结果?——关于贫困根源的争论

    2.惩罚与慈善——如何对待贫困问题

  三 19世纪英国贫富差距问题加剧的危害

   (一)社会矛盾日益尖锐

   (二)英国社会犯罪率大大升高

   (三)贫民窟大量存在,城市公共卫生状况恶化

 第二章 19世纪英国的贫困与济贫问题

  一 19世纪《济贫法》改革及其效果

   (一)《济贫法》的起源与发展

   (二)《济贫法》改革及其效果

  二 19世纪英国济贫院的发展

   (一)济贫院的起源与发展

    1.17世纪初期至1834年

    2.1834年至19世纪六七十年代

    3.19世纪六七十年代至20世纪初

   (二)济贫院管理与院内生活

   (三)19世纪后半期济贫院改革

    1.改善济贫院的环境,增加济贫院的床位,建造条件比较好的新济贫院,改善济贫院的伙食等

    2.济贫法当局也开始逐步放松各项有关济贫院的规定,采取一定的措施改善济贫院的物质生活和精神娱乐

    3.提高济贫院内儿童的待遇

    4.改善济贫院医疗条件

   (四)济贫院的影响及评价

 第三章 社会经济改革与贫富差距化解

  一 19世纪末期英国贫困观念的变化

   (一)社会调查与19世纪后半叶英国社会对贫困问题的反思

   (二)时代变迁与19世纪后半叶英国贫困观念的变化

   (三)由惩戒到政府救助——英国政府济贫政策理念的变化

  二 “向富人征税”——19世纪下半期英国的财税制度改革

   (一)19世纪下半期英国财税改革的背景

    1.19世纪后期新自由主义的发展以及贫困观念的变化是促使英国政府进行税收改革的重要原因

    2.1879年美国人亨利·乔治出版的《进步与贫困》,对英国采取财税手段调节贫富差距产生了重要影响

    3.社会舆论贫困问题观念的变化和中产阶级的社会调查也影响了英国政府的政策

   (二)财税改革的措施

    1.征收个人所得税

    2.征收遗产税、继承税等税种

   (三)财税改革的意义与评价

    1.19世纪英国的财税制度改革,对于增加国家收入、化解日益严重的贫困与贫富差距起了重要作用,具有重要的意义

    2.从整个19世纪中后叶来看,我们不可过高估计税收改革在缓解贫困与贫富差距方面的作用

  三 19世纪的基础教育改革与贫富差距化解

   (一)宗教、社会与政府的角逐

   (二)双重教育体制的确立

   (三)工人阶级与19世纪英国教育政策的发展

 第四章 中产阶级、工人阶级与贫富差距化解

  一 19世纪英国民间慈善救济活动

   (一)19世纪英国民间慈善活动的范围、规模

   (二)19世纪英国民间慈善活动的思想与社会根源

   (三)来自下层的慈善:工人阶级的自助与互助

  二 19世纪英国消费合作社运动

   (一)19世纪消费合作社运动发展的背景及思想渊源

   (二)消费合作社运动的发展、组织和运作

   (三)消费合作社运动的意义及特点

 结论

 后记

贫困与贫富差距问题是19世纪上半期英国十分严重的社会问题。由于社会财富分配不公,英国贫富差距急剧扩大,穷人愈穷,富人愈富,社会出现了严重的两极分化。社会矛盾日益尖锐,社会局势动荡不安,罢工、骚乱时有发生,犯罪率上升,贫民窟林立,城市环境恶化,国民身体素质下降。在此形势下,英国政府不得不采取措施来缩小贫富差距,缓解社会矛盾,化解因贫困问题而可能发生的社会冲突。19世纪英国迅速发展的民间慈善,在一定程度上缓解了贫富差距给贫民造成的痛苦,但也留下了深刻教训。本书是国内第一本探讨19世纪英国贫困与贫富差距及其化解问题的专著,对当前中国解决贫困与贫富差距问题,具有一定的借鉴意义。

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