篇章数

10

引证文献

0 !

参考文献

105

英国公地制度研究图书

Studies in Common Field System of England

SSAPID:101-9339-1969-76
ISBN:978-7-5097-9753-2
DOI:
ISSN:

[内容简介] 本书运用收集到的国内外丰富的资料,比较全面深入地探讨了英国公地制度,内容包括:有关公地制度的基本概念;公地制度中的私有与公有、私人与公共之间的产权关系;公地共同体的治理方式;公地制度与穷人之间的关系;公地共同体中公有与私有、公共与私人之间长期的斗争和博弈;彻底摧毁公地制度的圈地运动及其经济社会后果;西方自18世纪以来对公地制度正反两方面的评价;作者对这一制度的评价。

相关信息

丛书名:中国社会科学院文库·历史考古研究系列
作 者: 赵文洪
编 辑:周志宽;郭白歌
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2017年01月
语 种:中文
中图分类:K1 世界史

 导论

  一 本书的选题价值

   (一)公地制度是展示近千年整个英国农村基层社会生活的平台

    1.它展示了领主(在王室庄园,是国王)同村民之间的复杂关系

    2.它展示了领主之外其他公地共同体成员之间的复杂关系

    3.它暴露出管理成本高,农业、牧业效率低,同市场经济不相容等问题

   (二)公地制度史所展示的“公”与“私”的关系历程,对于认识英国从封建社会向资本主义社会的转变具有深刻的启迪意义

  二 国内外英国公地制度研究的状况*

  三 本书的文献基础

 第一章 公地制度基本情况介绍

  第一节 有关公地制度的基本概念

  第二节 公地制度的起源

   一 起源时间

   二 起源原因

 第二章 公地制度与财产权利

  第一节 明晰的财产权利

   一 公地共同体成员对开垦地的权利

   二 公地共同体成员对公共地的权利

   三 领主与开垦地和公共地之间的权利关系

  第二节 财产权利的公共性

   一 公地共同体财产权利在对外关系中表现出的公共性

   二 公地共同体财产权利在共同体成员内部关系中表现出的公共性

  第三节 “私有公享”的观念渊源

   一 基督教关于财产公有的观念

   二 基督教关于私有财产和“公”“私”关系的观念

    1.承认在人与物的关系中人对物支配的权利,包括财产权利

    2.看到了财产私有的现实,探讨私有财产起源的原因,否定人与人的关系中存在的私有财产权利

    3.解释私有财产产生的原因并且肯定其价值

    4.为私有财产辩护

    5.调和“公”“私”关系的“私有公享”理论

 第三章 公地共同体的治理

  第一节 领主与庄园法庭

   一 总管与管家

   二 庄园法庭

  第二节 公地共同体的自治

   一 有自己的中心事务——维护公地制度的运行

   二 有自己的权力机构——庄园法庭和村民会议(本书后面将详细探讨)

   三 有自己的习惯法——村规(本书后面将详细探讨)

   四 有自己选出的管理人员

   五 国王和领主对公地共同体自治的承认

   六 自治的公地共同体的自由状况

  第三节 民主

   一 庄园法庭包含的民主因素

    (一)谁参加庄园法庭?

    (二)谁是庄园法庭的主角?

   二 村民会议包含的民主因素

   三 村规制定方式中的民主因素

   四 结语

  第四节 法治

   一 对法律至上原则的追求

   二 对法律面前人人平等原则的追求

   三 比较严密、细致的法律程序

 第四章 公地制度与穷人

  第一节 英国农村劳动者的一般生活状况

  第二节 公地制度对于穷人的价值

   一 公共地对于穷人的价值

   二 公地共同体对于穷人的救济

 第五章 “公”与“私”的斗争和公地制度的消亡

  第一节 对公地制度的长期侵蚀

   一 一般共同体成员的违规行为

   二 堂区神职人员的违规行为

   三 领主和富裕农民破坏公地制度的行为

  第二节 对破坏公地制度行为的抵制和批判

 第六章 圈地运动及其后果

  第一节 圈地运动

   一 圈地原因

   二 圈地运动基本情况

  第二节 圈地运动的后果

   一 失去土地和公共权利的穷人的苦难

   二 大中小农庄的出现

   三 农村阶级结构的变化

   四 其他后果

 第七章 对公地制度的评价

  第一节 西方的否定性评价

   一 公地制度的缺点Commons and Common Fields,pp.113-123。公地史专家宫讷(K.Gonner)也列举了公地制度对农业的影响,对牲畜、树和木材、牛和羊的影响,对牲口和粮食产量的影响,对农村生活环境的影响,对就业和人口的影响。E.C.K.Gonner,Common Land and Inclosure,pp. 302-329,330-342,343-358,359-379,380-447。">*

    1.放牧和饲养牲畜方面的缺点

    2.生产管理方面的缺点

    3.公地制度的其他缺点

   二 公地制度存在的条件

   三 批评公地制度同肯定圈地并存

    1.地租和粮食产量提高

    2.有利于畜牧业的好处

    3.土地生产效率提高

  第二节 西方的肯定性评价

   一 总肯定

   二 穷人的生存保障(见第五章)

   三 经济效益

   四 政治价值

  结语

 英文参考文献

 附录 《中世纪波兰的村庄与公地制度》

  国内外该领域的研究状况

  波兰村庄的起源、分布以及演变的历史

  波兰的公地制度探讨

 《中国社会科学院文库》出版说明

公地制度是曾经在欧洲广大农村存在了近千年的一种土地使用方式、劳动生产方式和村庄生活方式。它是全面展示欧洲农村社会生活的一个重要平台。本书比较全面深入地探讨了英国公地制度,内容包括:有关公地制度的基本概念;公地制度中的私有与公有、私人与公共之间的产权关系;公地共同体的治理方式;公地制度与穷人之间的关系;公地共同体中公有与私有、公共与私人之间长期的斗争和博弈;彻底摧毁公地制度的圈地运动及其经济社会后果;西方自18世纪以来对公地制度正反两方面的评价;作者对这一制度的评价。本书对公地制度的基本概念,这一制度下财产权利的基本特点,村民共同体治理方式,公地制度对于穷人的价值、这一制度中“公”与“私”的博弈与斗争、这一制度的伦理价值等方面的探讨,在国内居于领先地位。本书运用了作者十几年在国内外收集的丰富资料,论证严谨、合理。

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