城市贫困老人的多重困境与抗逆过程图书
Multiple Disadvantages and Resilience of the Urban Aged Poor in China
[内容简介] 社会福利研究中的主流范式往往聚焦于引致贫困和剥夺的结构性因素,却忽略了个体的能动性。事实上,贫困老人进入老年阶段就是抗逆力的证明。贫困老人的抗逆力是老人个体及其环境中的保护性因素缓冲逆境衍生的压力,以达致个体在心理和生理功能上保持相对稳定和均衡的过程。本书在抗逆力的理论框架下使“个人”与“结构”有机结合,不仅将个人、家庭和社区纳入贫困老人的抗逆过程,而且将相关社会政策作为该抗逆过程不可或缺的一部分。
相关信息
文前辅文
附录
导论
一 不容忽视的老年贫困问题
二 何以存活:贫困老人的抗逆力
三 生活故事:揭示抗逆力的窗口
第一章 老年贫困的实证研究与社会政策
一 老年贫困的识别、人口特征与主观经验
(一)贫困老人的识别
1.老年贫困的定义
2.老年贫困的测量
(二)贫困老人的人口特征
1.贫困女性化
2.老年贫困高龄化
3.其他特征
(三)贫困老人的主观经验
1.一般贫困人士的主观经验
2.贫困老人的主观经验
3.启示与反思
二 老年贫困的社会政策与研究发现
1.现行社会政策与服务的背景
2.中国内地的相关社会政策与服务
三 北京市的相关社会政策
四 其他国家/地区的相关社会政策与服务
1.美国的老年贫困问题与政策
2.发展中国家的研究发现
3.启示与反思
第二章 老年贫困的理论解释
一 “个人—结构”的社会学争议:贫困老人主观经验研究的匮乏
二 从病理模型到成功老化:主流老年学对贫困老人的持续贬损
三 批判老年学的人文主义取向:面对结构性限制下的意义追寻
四 老年人的抗逆力:纳入内外资源的积极主观经验
(一)抗逆力研究的发展脉络
(二)老年人抗逆力的研究发现
1.内在保护性因素
2.外在保护性因素
五 启示
第三章 城市贫困老人的多重压力
一 经济压力
1.有子女的老人
2.无子女的老人
二 疾病和老化的压力
1.生理上的衰退和病痛带来的压力
2.看病求医的经济压力
3.温饱与看病之间的艰难抉择
4.对疾病的担心与惧怕
三 逆反哺和照顾配偶的压力
(一)逆反哺的压力
1.孩子收入低微
2.孩子残障
3.孩子是刑满释放人员
4.孩子上大学
(二)照顾配偶的压力
四 贫困耻感的压力
1.穷人身份的认同:“过的是受穷的日子”
2.强烈的相对剥夺感:“人家”都比咱们强
3.因贫困受轻视:“瞧不起你穷”
4.内化的耻感
五 多重压力相叠
第四章 贫困老人与非正式社会支持
一 贫困老人与代际支持
1.经济压力下的代际支持
2.疾病与老化压力下的代际支持
3.逆反哺与照顾配偶压力下的代际支持
4.贫困耻感压力下的代际支持
5.小结
二 贫困老人与扩展家庭的支持
1.经济压力下来自扩展家庭的支持
2.疾病与老化压力下来自扩展家庭的支持
3.逆反哺与照顾配偶压力下来自扩展家庭的支持
4.贫困耻感压力下来自扩展家庭的支持
5.小结
三 贫困老人与邻里支持
1.经济压力下的邻里支持
2.老化与疾病压力下的邻里支持
3.逆反哺和照顾配偶压力下的邻里支持
4.贫困耻感压力下的邻里支持
5.小结
四 贫困老人与其他非正式支持
1.同学、朋友、师长的支持
2.与病友互相支持
第五章 贫困老人与正式社会支持
一 贫困老人与社会政策的支持
1.经济压力下社会政策的支持
2.老化与疾病压力下社会政策的支持
3.逆反哺与照顾配偶压力下社会政策的支持
4.贫困耻感压力下社会政策的支持
二 社会政策基层执行者的支持
1.人情伦理对获取社会政策支持的影响
2.家庭的老年照顾者缺乏社会行政的支持
3.社会政策基层执行者促成的社区参与
三 其他的正式社会支持
1.专业服务机构的社会支持对贫困老人多重压力的回应
2.社区其他组织的正式支持
第六章 贫困老人的应对策略与意义创造
一 贫困老人的应对策略
1.经济压力下的应对策略
2.老化与疾病压力下的应对策略
二 贫困老人的意义创造
1.经济压力下的意义创造
2.疾病与老化压力下的意义创造
3.逆反哺与照顾配偶压力下的意义创造
4.贫困耻感压力下的意义创造
5.多重压力下意义创造的路径
第七章 讨论与反思
一 多重压力:中国城市贫困老人的多重困境
二 外在保护性因素:社会支持的再审视
1.日趋弱化的非正式支持
2.亟须加强的正式支持
三 内在保护性因素
1.工具性策略:贫困老人的独立性要求
2.意义创造的两条路径:对既有研究发现的拓展
3.工具性策略与意义创造的联结
4.内外保护性因素的结合:识别贫困老人中更脆弱的次群体
5.对贫困老人抗逆力理论框架的发展
四 社会政策的启示
1.优势为本的社会政策
2.支持家庭的社会政策
3.双重权利系统的社会政策
4.适度普惠的社会政策
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