转型中的农村发展:城乡协调发展的新战略图书
China's agricultural transition
[内容简介] 义乌市是浙江农村改革开放的前沿阵地,也是统筹城乡发展、建设新农村的先行区。浙江和义乌的实践充分表明,中国农民在中国共产党和中国政府的领导下,有能力有办法解决好中国三农问题,完全可以避免一些发展中国家遇到的市场化、工业化、城市化过程中农业萎缩、农村落后、农民贫困和出现城市贫民窟的问题。本书从多个角度阐述了以浙江义乌为代表的中国农村改革开放前沿阵地的改革过程。
城乡关系与协调发展
浙江统筹城乡发展建设社会主义新农村的路径分析
一 浙江省农村经济社会发展的基本情况
二 浙江统筹城乡发展的基本经验分析
Do Agricultural Policies in China Support Farmers’Incomes?*
Methodology
Aggregate results
Producer Support Estimate
Consumer Support Estimate
Composition of the PSE
Total Support Estimate
Commodity profile of producer support
Level of producer support by commodity
Distribution of producer support across commodities
Conclusions
关于中国城乡收入差距的四个猜想和促进城乡协调发展的三条路径
一 关于中国城乡收入差距的四个猜想
(一)问题:为什么近年来发展战略和体制政策已有很大调整、二元体制已有很大松动,但中国的城乡收入差距却在继续扩大?猜想:体制和政策对城乡收入差距的收缩作用,小于经济成长特征对城乡收入差距的扩张作用
(二)问题:为什么在农业劳动力总量和份额“双下降”的同时,中国的城乡收入差距在继续扩大?猜想:城乡人力资本差异扩大是城乡收入差距扩大的重要解释变量
(三)问题:能否通过提高农产品相对价格水平以缩小城乡收入差距?猜想:如果城乡收入差距继续扩大,而又没有有效解决办法,在政治压力下中国步日本、韩国之后尘实行农业高保护政策的可能性也是有的
(四)问题:中国城乡收入差距缩小的拐点什么时候才能出现?猜想:当全国人均国民生产总值达到2005年山东省水平时,中国城乡收入差距变化轨迹的拐点就会出现
二 关于促进中国城乡协调发展的三条路径
(一)完善国民收入的初次分配
(二)调整国民收入的再分配
(三)健全国民收入的第三次分配
我国城乡发展严重失衡现象的形成机理与统筹城乡发展
一 我国城乡发展严重失衡现象的形成机理
(一)发展中大国工业化中期、城镇化加快发展阶段,一般性、规律性因素的作用
(二)我国特殊国情下长期累积的结构性矛盾、体制性矛盾尖锐化的产物
(三)强化市场、效率导向的政府行为和宏观政策
(四)不同利益集团行为对现行利益格局的强化机制
二 联系城乡发展失衡科学认识统筹城乡发展
(一)统筹城乡发展的基本原则
1.以消除过大且不合理的城乡差距、解决城乡发展的严重失衡问题为宗旨
2.以加快生产方式的现代化改造、增强农民和农村的发展能力为根本
3.以本国国情、发展阶段和国际分工地位的变化作为确立目标、阶段、思路和政策调整方向的立足点
(二)统筹城乡发展的主要内容、视角和重点
1.统筹城乡发展的主要内容
2.统筹城乡发展的视角
3.统筹城乡发展的重点
城乡差距对中国经济持续性增长的影响
一 城乡差距的历史演变
二 不平等与经济增长关系的经典文献
三 城乡差距的经济增长效应
四 从消费角度观察城乡差距问题
五 结论性评论
“三农”问题的症结及其化解逻辑
一 引言
二 理论背景:一个超边际分析模型
三 政府控制价格、限制择业:农民收入问题的历史根源
四 农业效率提高的有限性:基于分工维度的解释
(一)从生产特性来看
(二)从产品特性来看
五 化解“三农”问题的逻辑推论及其政策含义
(一)劳动力转移与农村工业化及城市化的道路选择
(二)农民的人力资本及其就业空间拓展
(三)在劳动力转移的同时改善农业效率
六 结论与讨论
科学认识社会主义新农村建设
一 新农村建设含义的科学理解
二 新农村建设的时代背景
三 新农村建设的战略意义
China’s Quest for Building a New Socialist Countryside
I Building a socialist new countryside
II Field impressions from Shaanxi
Ⅲ What makes a village rich?
论土地生产率极限法则:一个改进的马尔萨斯人口理论
(一)土地生产率极限法则是马尔萨斯人口陷阱的起因
(二)土地生产率极限是统一马尔萨斯模型和Boserup模型的基准点
(三)结论
一条具有中国特色的城乡统筹发展道路
一 城乡统筹的特点
1.以经济建设为核心进行城乡统筹
2.以优化发展环境为前提进行城乡统筹
3.以提高农民收入为目标进行城乡统筹
4.以维护农民的民权为宗旨进行城乡统筹
二 基本经验
1.以科学发展观为指导思想,抓住了城乡统筹问题的实质
2.深化对市场经济的认识,转变政府职能
3.党执政能力的提高,为城乡统筹提供政治保障
4.从制度建设入手,解决城乡统筹体制和组织保障问题
5.建立城市带动农村,工业反哺农业的城乡统筹机制
Does Property Right Transformation Improve Township and Village Enterprises Performance?
I Introduction
Ⅱ Description on the Survey and the Nature of the Sample Enterprises
Ⅲ Analysis on the Impact of the Property Right Transformation on Business Performance
1.The overall impact on business performance
2.Analysis on the impact of the various proportion of shareholding by the management group on business performance
Ⅳ Analysis on the Impact of the Property Right Transformation on Employment
1.The general impact of property right transformation on employment
2.The impact of the various proportions of shareholding
Ⅴ Analysis of the Impact of the Property Right Transformation on Investment Behavior
1.Investment dynamics of the privatized enterprises since 1995
2.Investment intention of the samples in the next 2 years
3.Investment financing
Ⅵ Analysis of the Impact of the Property Right Transformation on Govemment Rovenue
Ⅶ Concluding Remarks
公共品供给与农村发展
调整财政支出结构统筹城乡经济发展
一 江苏财政收支现状分析
(一)江苏财政收入增长情况
1.全省财政收入增长情况
2.省级财政收入增长情况
(二)江苏财政支出结构分析
1.全省财政支出结构分析
2.省级财政支出结构分析
二 江苏财政支出结构调整方向
1.以建立公共财政体制为最终目标
2.加快国企改革,减轻财政负担
3.逐步取消非公共财政支出项
4.加大财政支农力度
三 加大财政支农优先考虑的目标
1.建立健全电子化户籍信息管理系统
2.建立就业咨询与职业培训服务网络
3.建立健全农村社会保障体系
4.建立支持农村基础设施建设等投入的制度化渠道
5.积极推进免费九年制义务教育
农村最低生活保障政策实施过程及瞄准分析*
一 引言
二 农村最低生活保障政策实施过程
(一)农村最低生活保障政策的资金来源
(二)农村最低生活保障政策的保障标准
(三)农村最低生活保障政策的相应配套政策
(四)农村最低生活保障制度实施过程及问题分析
三 农村最低生活保障政策瞄准分析
(一)农村最低生活保障政策瞄准对象
(二)农村最低生活保障政策瞄准现状
(三)农村最低生活保障政策瞄准分析
1.低保户的进入分析
2.低保标准的偏离
加强金融对新农村建设的支持要坚持市场化的原则
一 农村金融市场的供求不平衡
二 金融机构的生存和发展面临挑战
三 根本的原因在于缺乏市场的活力和推动
四 发育农村金融市场需要解决几个认识问题
五 改革重点与政策选择
(一)明晰产权、完善现有农村金融机构的治理结构
(二)放松市场准入和退出限制,培育竞争性农村金融市场
(三)解除利率控制,进一步完善和利用市场机制
(四)相信市场,处理好与地方政府的关系问题
(五)鼓励直接融资,全面发育农村金融市场
An Analysis of Limited Credit for Farm Households in Western China
Limited Credit for Farm Households in Western China
1.The credit of the regular financial system in western China
2.The credit supply of irregular financial institutions in western China
The characteristics of the supply of credit products of farm household in western China
1.The false function of regular and irregular credit markets
2.The lack of loans of medium and long term length
3.A lack of effective mortgages prevents farm households from entering the regular credit market
农户对公共物品的需求偏好及影响因素研究
一 引言
二 文献综述
三 理论框架
四 数据来源及描述性统计分析
(一)受访者个人社会人口统计变量描述
(二)农户家庭特征变量的描述性分析
(三)村庄特征变量的描述性分析
五 计量分析
1.需求意愿在不同受教育程度受访者间存在显著差异
2.家庭可灌溉面积对农户的需求意愿有显著影响
3.家庭灌溉交费多少与农户的需求意愿是反向的
4.村户均水田面积对农户需求意愿具有正向影响
5.其他影响因素
六 结语
农村公共产品多元化供给模式与政策影响因素:基于实证调研的总结*
一 引言
二 农村公共产品的多元化供给模式
三 农村公共产品多元化供给中的政策影响因素
1.政策的“公立”偏好
2.不合理的政府干预政策
3.财政支持政策的不到位
4.金融支持政策不畅通
5.“一事一议”制度难以实施
四 结论性评述
Farmer Rights Status in China
Research Findings
Recommendations
Recommendations on policies and institution
Jurisprudence Construction
Capacity Building for Farmers and Village Organizations
失地农民的正负效应分析及对策探讨
一 引言
一 农民失地的正面效应分析——我们的应有认识
1.应从构建和谐社会的高度,增强对失地农民问题的认识
2.农民失地是中国经济发展的必经阶段,我们的态度应该是重视、正视它,解决问题,而不是去渲染、夸大它,更不能视而不见
3.农民失地加速城市化进程,促进城乡二元结构的解决
二 农民失地的负面效应分析——现行征地制度之过
1.社会保障缺位,抗风险能力差
2.农民失地又失业影响社会稳定
3.社会控制差,道德和法制观念淡薄,容易形成隐忧
4.心理失衡,容易引发群体性动乱
三 解决失地农民问题的路径
1.消除城乡二元社会体制的制度性排斥,以土地换社保;城乡社会结构的二元体制是阻碍失地农民问题解决的制度性障碍
2.发挥市场机制在土地资源征用中的基础性作用,建立土地招、拍制度
3.以保障农民权益为核心,改革征地制度
4.允许农村集体非农建设用地直接进入市场流转
5.保证失地农民就业安置可持续化
6.加强执政能力建设
生物技术与中国农业发展
Biotech and Food Safety in China:Consumers,Acceptance or Resistance?
Introduction
The Political Economy of China’s Biotech Policies
Soybeans and Labeling of GM Food in Chinese Stores
Consumer Understanding and Acceptance of GM Food
Survey Results:Attitudes to Food Safety and GM Products*
GM Food and Biotech Farming
Biosafety,Human Health,and the Environment
Awareness of and Demand for Labeling
Consumption and Purchase of GM Food
Conclusion:Scenarios of Consumer Resistance?
Appendix A:Demographic Characteristics of the Sample
Appendix B:Separate Groups in the Sample
Knowledgeable(K) Group
Willing(W)Group
Farm Experience(F)Group
Appendix C:Relation with Gender,Age,Smoking,and Income
Appendix D:Initial WTP—Three Separate Groups
An Analysis on the Economic Effectiveness and Institutional Feasibility of Implementing Tradable Permits to Control Agricultural Non-point Source Pollutions in Dianchi Lake Area
1 General background of tradable permits
2 Implementing style of tradable permits in NPS pollution control
3 An analysis on the economic effectiveness of applying tradable fertilization permits to control agricultural NPS pollution
4 Impact of stitutional factors on tradable permits implementation
5 Conclusion
论生物安全管理公众参与制度
一 国际环境法规对公众参与的要求和做法
(一)联合国大会宣言对公众参与环境保护的要求
(二)《奥胡斯公约》的主要内容
1.《公约》的目标
2.获取环境信息
3.公众参与决策
4.诉诸法律
(三)《生物多样性公约》与《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的要求
1.《生物多样性公约》的要求
2.《生物安全议定书》的要求
(四)西方一些国家的做法
1.环境权理论
2.公众参与的方式
3.公众参与的具体权利与行使方式
(五)公众参与对生物安全的实际推动作用
二 中国环境保护公众参与现状、问题与需求
(一)中国相关法规和政策对公众参与的要求
1.中国环境保护相关法规的要求
2.国家生物安全和可持续发展政策要求
3.中国生物安全相关法规的遗憾
(二)中国生物安全公众参与的现状与问题
1.公众感兴趣,但缺少知识引导
2.政府主导的专家决策过程,缺少公众参与
3.缺少官方信息渠道,由非政府组织主导媒体
4.公众无法律诉诸渠道
(三)国家生物安全公众参与的需求
1.实行公众参与制度是国家应履行的国际义务
2.公众参与有助于政府法规决策的实施
3.发挥非政府环保组织的作用
三 建立生物安全公众参与的机制
1.维护公众参与的基本权利
2.明确规定公众参与的形式
3.实施公众参与制度
The Transition of China’s Cotton Industry
Introduction
Regulatory Changes:From A Planned Economy To A Managed Market
Economic Trends in The Cotton Sector
Cotton Production
Textile Industry
Rising Regulatory Challenges
Cotton procurement and processing
Post-WTO cotton trade
Gonclusion
Bt rice in China:Public Risk Perception and Biosafety Policy making
Introduction
1.The background of the development of Bt rice in China
(1)Increasing Populations and declining planting area
(2)Rice plants in China
2.Is plant biotechnology an option for China?
(1)The contribution of plant technology for Chinese rice production
(2)Plant biotechnology development in China
3.The new risk which China would face
(1)Food safety
(2)Environment
(3)Economic risk
4. Can the risk be administrated efficiently in China?
(1)Biosafety policy in China
(2)Institutional Setting for biosafety
Literature Reviews in Similar Field of Risk Perception Study
1.public risk perception on agrobiotechnology in developed countries
2.public risk perceptions toward plant biotechnology in developing countries
Theoretical Framework
1.risk study
(1)What is risk?
(2)Social amplification of Risk
(3)Factors influencing risk perception
2.biosafety policy analysis
(1)Policy Network Analysis
(2)Policy system in China
(3)Interest groups in the biosafety policy making in China
(4)Main political actors in the biosafety policy making in China
Conclusion
中国油脂生产企业转基因标识状况的调查报告
一 调查内容设计与调查目标选取
二 油脂生产企业转基因标识管理及安全意识状况调查情况
1.大连日清制油有限公司
2.大连惠良大豆科技有限公司
3.山东津华集团有限公司
4.山东德润油脂公司*
5.山东三维集团日照大海油脂有限公司
6.山东日照黄海油脂有限公司
7.山东新良油脂有限公司
8.山东省昌邑市利达粮油有限责任公司
三 调查启示
贸易与农业发展
东亚区域合作对我国农产品贸易的影响研究*
一 前言
二 模型及基本设定
1.模型地区和产品分组
2.模拟方案设定
三 东亚地区不同合作方案的影响
1.对各国GDP的影响
2.对货物净出口值的影响
3.对我国农产品进出口的影响
四 结论
Modernizing China’s Agriculture,A Survey Report from Wenxian County,Henan Province
The Site
A Performing Agriculture
The Diversification of Crops
The Large Scale Animal Husbandry
The Standard Peasant Family
Non Agricultural Employment
The Prospects of Wheat Cultivation in China
The Prospects of Cereals Mechanisation in Northern China
The Prospects for Agricultural Diversification in China
Conclusion:the Future of Peasant Economy in China
Improving Quality Satisfaction in Vegetable Supply Chains:The Role of Guanxi Networks,Trust and Transaction-Specific Investments
Introduction
Guanxi networks in buyer-seller relationships
1. Effect of guanxi networks on trust
2.Effect of guanxi networks on transaction-specific investments
Trust and transaction-specific investments in buyer-seller relationships
1.Effect of trust on quality satisfaction
2.Effect of transaction-specific investments on quality satisfaction
3.Effect of trust on transaction-specific investments
Research design
1.Data
2.Methods
3.Measurements of constructs
Empirical results
1.Reliability and validity of the constructs and model fit
2.Empirical results for vegetable farmers
3.Empirical results for vegetable companies
Gonclusions and discussions
Managerial implications
国际天然橡胶区域贸易空间均衡模型及其运用研究
一 前言
二 研究方法
三 天然橡胶市场空间均衡模型
1.天然橡胶空间模型数学表达式
2.天然橡胶市场空间均衡模型基准方案
四 政策模拟分析
1.经济增长对天然橡胶市场的影响
(1)中国经济增长对天然橡胶市场的影响
(2)东盟经济增长对天然橡胶市场的影响
2.合成橡胶价格变化的影响
(1)美国合成橡胶价格变化的影响
(2)欧盟合成橡胶价格变化的影响
3.天然橡胶收获面积变化的影响
(1) 2006~2010年中国天然橡胶收获面积变化对各国市场的影响
(2) 2006~2010年东盟天然橡胶收获面积变化
4.中国进口关税变化对天然橡胶市场的影响
五 主要研究结论
消费者生鲜食品购买场所选择行为分析
一 问题的提出
二 生鲜食品消费者需求函数的基本形式
1.消费者效用函数与生鲜食品消费者均衡的决策准则
2.生鲜食品消费者均衡的决策准则与消费者需求函数
三 调查问卷设计与单因素分析
1.质量安全
2.品种
3.价格
4.方便
5.新鲜
6.环境和卫生
四 双因素关联分析
1.生鲜果蔬购买场所与消费者社会特征间的关联关系
2.生鲜果蔬购买场所与消费者认知行为的关联关系
五 主要结论与有待进一步研究的问题
1.主要结论
2.有待进一步研究的问题
从山东省两县市案例调查看我国猪肉生产质量安全体系建设的状况与问题
一 理论背景
二 山东省暨肥城市和宁阳县猪肉生产质量安全体系建设情况
1.山东省的猪肉生产质量安全体系建设情况
2.肥城市的猪肉生产质量安全体系建设情况
3.宁阳县的生猪生产质量安全体系建设情况
4.案例分析
三 若干结论和建议
中国农村向自然资源可持续应用的转型
Managing Rangelands Towards Degradation Alleviation at Micro-economic Decision-making Level:A Case Study of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Introduction
Literature review on rangeland management
1.Rangeland management practice and degradation
2.Property rights,collective action and rangeland management
3.Modeling rangeland management
4.Some comments
Rangeland management in Northwest China:background
Materials and method
1.Research area,sampling and data collection
2.Variable choices and model specification
Results
Concluding remarks
中国流域生态环境服务补偿案例进展
引言
一 流域生态服务补偿提出的背景、内涵及范围
1.中国生态服务补偿的理论基础及其提出的背景
2.生态服务补偿的概念、内涵及研究范围的界定
3.生态补偿政策对中国的适用性及其发展阶段
二 中国生态服务补偿案例实践
1.基于大型项目的国家补偿
2.地方政府为主导的补偿方式
3.自发的交易模式——基于市场的补偿
4.水权交易
5.基于水资源量的水费补偿方式——水电公司和用水户的补偿
三 案例评述
The Homogenous in Consonance:a Study of Collective Actions in South China
文明生态村在农村发展中的地位和作用
一 简介
二 研究方法
(一)样本的选择
(二)调研的设计和组织
1.评价指标的选取
2.实地研究过程
三 结果分析
(一)文明生态村和非文明生态村比较分析
1.总体印象
2.数据分析
四 讨论
1.文明生态村与非文明生态村产生差异原因
2.文明生态村的问题
五 结论
劳动力流动与农村发展
父母外出务工对留守儿童生活的影响*
一 引言
二 留守儿童的生活现状
(一)留守儿童的日常饮食和衣着卫生
1.饮食状况
2.留守儿童的衣着卫生状况
(二)留守儿童的疾病照料状况
1.监护人对留守儿童一般疾病的照料情况
2.监护人对留守儿童严重疾病的照料情况
(三)留守儿童劳动负担的变化
1.留守儿童的农活负担
2.留守儿童的家务负担
(四)留守儿童的上学方式
(五)留守儿童零花钱的使用情况
1.留守儿童零花钱的数量
2.留守儿童零花钱的使用情况
(六)留守儿童的社会交往情况
1.留守儿童与社会成员的网络关系
2.留守儿童的交友情况
三 结论与建议
人口流动与发展:移民和旅游作为中国“文明工程”的工具
一 国内劳动力流动与现代化的关系*
二 旅游与发展
三 国际移民对现代化的作用
总结:流动与“文明工程”
The Social Changes in Rural China and the emergence of Chinese Farmers’ Modernity:in the Context of China’s Social Transition
Instruction
The Social changes since the 1980s in Rural China
The increasing Chinese farmers’ modernity in the development of market economy
1.Respect for science and technology
2.The renewal of Chinese farmers’ ideology
3. The increasing consciousness of independence and the decreasing reliance on land.
The emergence of Chinese Farmers’ modernity in the context of rural household transformation
Conclusion
中国农村转移劳动力的性别工资差异分析
一 研究背景与目的
二 主要定义和数据来源
三 我国农村转移劳动力性别工资差异概况
四 农村转移劳动力的性别工资差异分析
(一)简单工资方程回归及交叉项分析
(二)性别工资差异分解
1.性别工资差异的组成
2.性别工资差异分解
(1)个人特征引起的性别工资差异
(2)歧视引起的性别工资差异
五 主要结论及政策建议
1.从个人特征角度
2.从社会性别歧视角度
附录
农民工:城乡协调发展要解决好的一个重要课题
一 问题的提出
二 正确看待农民工现象
三 从政策层面解决农民工问题收效甚微
四 从体制上解决农民工问题的思路
前言
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