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风险灾害危机研究(第二辑)图书

Journal of Risk, Disaster & Crisis Research (No.2)

SSAPID:101-6758-1853-20
ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0
DOI:
ISSN:

[内容简介] 在今天的全球风险社会和中国高风险社会中,风险、灾害、危机管理的重要性已无须多言。如果说风险社会意味着一个时代性的转变,那么人类如何与风险、灾害、危机共生,就是这个我们时代最为重要、紧迫的研究主题。本书由南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心主办,致力于风险、灾害、危机的跨学科研究。

相关信息

丛书名:
作 者: 童星 张海波
编 辑:周映希
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2016年04月
语 种:中文
中图分类:C93 管理学

 编委会

 前言

 特约专栏:面向风险社会的知识生产:多学科研究共同体的缘起、形成与发展

 公共行政视野下的应急管理研究与实践:兴起、演变、拓展和未来方向

  兴起

  FEMA的相关情况

  NASPAA和FEMA协议

  84级研究员

  演变

  拓展

  回顾的成果

  未来研究方向

  理解灾害的方法和模型

  2012年和未来

  致谢

 欧洲危机研究学术共同体建设情况及危机研究进展

  一 为何重提学术共同体建设?

  二 欧洲危机研究现状及趋势

   学术机构

   主要学术期刊

   主要期刊及学术影响情况简介

    各期刊刊发文章主题变化趋势

    危机管理学术期刊主要作者分布情况

   欧洲主要理论贡献

    人因错误理论Human Error

    灾害孵化理论Disaster Incubation Theory

    危机后学习、究责及变革

  三 欧洲学术共同体建设及危机研究的挑战

   制度支持

   深度案例与灾害数据积累

   主要学术网络

 美国学术机构之国土安全研究及概念发展

  一 9·11事件前之国土安全研究学术发展

  二 9·11事件后之国土安全研究学术发展

  三 国土安全部推动与大学院校之官学合作

  四 国土安全概念之发展

   (一)2002~2007年之国土安全概念

    1.2002年之《国土安全国家战略》报告

    2.2007年之《国土安全国家战略》报告

   (二)2010年《四年期国土安全检讨报告》

   (三)国土安全定义之比较

 美国灾害社会学:学术共同体演进及趋势

  一 灾害社会学的缘起

  二 灾害社会学的主要理论范式

  三 美国灾害社会学研究的主要机构

   灾害研究中心,特拉华大学(Disaster Research Center,University of Delaware)

   自然灾害中心,科罗拉多大学Boulder分校(Natural Hazards Center,University of Colorado-Boulder)

   减灾和恢复中心,德州农机大学(Hazard Reduction & Recovery Center,Texas A&M University)

   自然灾害和脆弱性研究所,南卡罗莱纳大学(Hazards& Vulnerability Research Institute,University of South Carolina)

   灾害研究与教育中心,米勒斯维尔大学(Center for Disaster Research and Education,Millersville University)

   危机、灾害与风险管理所,乔治·华盛顿大学(Institute for Crisis,Disaster and Risk Management,The George Washington University)

 风险登记:提升我国社区风险管理效率的有效途径*

  一 风险登记:推动风险管理规范化的有效工具

  二 社区风险登记:推动社区风险管理的主要实现路径

  三 完善风险登记制度:有效提升我国社区风险管理效率

 环境风险场理论研究*

  一 场理论及其应用

  二 环境风险场

   (一)环境风险场的定义

   (二)环境风险场特征分析

  三 环境风险场理论的主要研究内容

   (一)环境风险场研究

   (二)环境风险场的相关问题研究

    1.风险场与脆弱性研究

    2.风险场与感知场交互作用研究

  四 结论

 美国企业备灾活动模式与影响因素分析

  一 企业备灾和备灾研究

  二 数据搜集和分析方法

  三 结果

   1.备灾模式

   2.自变量分布:组织和企业决策者特征

   3.影响企业备灾活动的因素

  四 结论与讨论

  五 研究的不足与展望

 我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性及其治理问题研究

  一 引言

  二 脆弱性理论与系统脆弱性

  三 我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性的特征

   (一)事前环境恶劣性造成暴露性增强

    1.相对而言,乡镇地处偏远,面积广人口多,综合治理风险高成本高

    2.各类灾害终年不断,灾害重叠加剧生态恶化

    3.末端地区灾贫叠加,长期循环积重难返

   (二)事中处置复杂性造成敏感性增强

    1.缺乏必需的基本应急管理能力

    2.缺乏必需的基本专业力量和专业设备

   (三)事后多种不利因素造成适应性减弱

    1.系统内部底子薄,灾后恢复艰难

    2.系统外部恐慌强,灾后稳定不易

  四 我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性的深层次成因

   (一)传统应急管理意识存在的问题

    1.应急预案“重形式轻内容”

    2.应急防范“重城市轻乡村”

    3.应急物资“重外援轻自给”

    4.应急知识“重自悟轻输送”

   (二)传统行政管理体系存在的矛盾

    1.内部事务缺乏独立决断力

    2.外部力量缺乏有效协调力

    3.系统调整缺乏稳定保障力

  五 重视末端治理、改善末端脆弱的建议

   (一)建设一主多元的应急治理体系

   (二)三级联动,打造整体应急治理机制

   (三)搭建四个保障平台,加速末端重点任务建设

    1.末端预案保障平台建设

    2.末端通信预警保障平台建设

    3.末端交通保障平台建设

    4.末端指挥保障平台建设

   (四)末端应急能力的模块化建设与储备

 县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急管理机制研究*

  一 县级政府在应对重大自然灾害中扮演的角色和发挥的作用

   (一)县级政府在应对重大自然灾害中扮演的独特角色

    1.灾前的主要“防御者”

    2.救灾的一线“指挥者”

    3.抗灾的直接“参与者”

    4.政策的实际“执行者”

   (二)县级政府在应对重大自然灾害中发挥的独特作用

    1.最能快速决策行动

    2.最能迅速开展救援

    3.最能把握灾情进展

    4.最能落实上级精神

  二 县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急机制存在的问题

   (一)应急准备机制不健全

    1.应急管理机构不统一

    2.应急法律法规不健全

    3.第四级网络建设薄弱

   (二)协调联动机制不健全

    1.信息资源沟通不畅

    2.部门联动缺乏合力

    3.应急社会参与率低

   (三)应急善后机制不健全

    1.灾区恢复和重建工作不力

    2.应急管理评估体系不健全

    3.灾后监督和问责工作不严

  三 完善县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急机制的对策

   (一)完善县级政府重大自然灾害应急管理机构建设

    1.设置专门的自然灾害应急管理机构

    2.建立自然灾害专家库决策咨询机制

    3.完善自然灾害应急联动的运作机制

   (二)加强县级政府重大自然灾害应急保障体系建设

    1.按照综合化要求完善应急预案体系

    2.完善平急结合的物资储备保障系统

    3.建立长效监测预警和隐患排查机制

   (三)完善县级政府重大自然灾害应急社会参与机制

    1.加快建立公民防灾、减灾和救灾教育

    2.加快建立和健全社区化危机治理机制

    3.积极构建政府与社会组织的合作机制

   (四)完善县级政府重大自然灾害应急管理善后机制

    1.科学核定损失,做好灾情的统计与上报工作

    2.安抚受灾群众,保证灾区社会秩序良好有序

    3.认真开展评估,总结灾后重建和防救灾教训

    4.科学合理规划,做好灾发现场的恢复和重建

在今天的全球风险社会和中国高风险社会中,风险、灾害、危机管理的重要性已无须多言。如果说风险社会意味着一个时代性的转变,那么人类如何与风险、灾害、危机共生,就是我们这个时代最为重要、紧迫的研究主题。南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心一直致力于风险、灾害、危机的跨学科研究,至今已有十年。在这十年中,中国相继经历了南方雪灾(2008)、汶川地震(2008)、玉树地震(2010)、舟曲泥石流(2010)、温州动车事故(2011)、芦山地震(2013)、鲁甸地震(2014)等重大突发事件,在灾难中前行。在这十年中,伴随着管理实践的进步,我们的研究也在不断发展,从最初的理论引介到跨学科理论框架建构,再到规范的实证研究与积极的政策建言,在探索中发展。目前,南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心已经是江苏省和南京大学哲学社会科学重点研究基地,也设有社会风险与公共危机管理的二级学科博士点,拥有唐仲英项目平台,形成了稳定的研究队伍,承接了一批国家重大、重点研究项目,这些都为我们进一步推动风险灾害危机的跨学科研究奠定了基础。

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