编委会
前言
特约专栏:面向风险社会的知识生产:多学科研究共同体的缘起、形成与发展
公共行政视野下的应急管理研究与实践:兴起、演变、拓展和未来方向
兴起
FEMA的相关情况
NASPAA和FEMA协议
84级研究员
演变
拓展
回顾的成果
未来研究方向
理解灾害的方法和模型
2012年和未来
致谢
欧洲危机研究学术共同体建设情况及危机研究进展
一 为何重提学术共同体建设?
二 欧洲危机研究现状及趋势
学术机构
主要学术期刊
主要期刊及学术影响情况简介
各期刊刊发文章主题变化趋势
危机管理学术期刊主要作者分布情况
欧洲主要理论贡献
人因错误理论Human Error
灾害孵化理论Disaster Incubation Theory
危机后学习、究责及变革
三 欧洲学术共同体建设及危机研究的挑战
制度支持
深度案例与灾害数据积累
主要学术网络
美国学术机构之国土安全研究及概念发展
一 9·11事件前之国土安全研究学术发展
二 9·11事件后之国土安全研究学术发展
三 国土安全部推动与大学院校之官学合作
四 国土安全概念之发展
(一)2002~2007年之国土安全概念
1.2002年之《国土安全国家战略》报告
2.2007年之《国土安全国家战略》报告
(二)2010年《四年期国土安全检讨报告》
(三)国土安全定义之比较
美国灾害社会学:学术共同体演进及趋势
一 灾害社会学的缘起
二 灾害社会学的主要理论范式
三 美国灾害社会学研究的主要机构
灾害研究中心,特拉华大学(Disaster Research Center,University of Delaware)
自然灾害中心,科罗拉多大学Boulder分校(Natural Hazards Center,University of Colorado-Boulder)
减灾和恢复中心,德州农机大学(Hazard Reduction & Recovery Center,Texas A&M University)
自然灾害和脆弱性研究所,南卡罗莱纳大学(Hazards& Vulnerability Research Institute,University of South Carolina)
灾害研究与教育中心,米勒斯维尔大学(Center for Disaster Research and Education,Millersville University)
危机、灾害与风险管理所,乔治·华盛顿大学(Institute for Crisis,Disaster and Risk Management,The George Washington University)
风险登记:提升我国社区风险管理效率的有效途径*
一 风险登记:推动风险管理规范化的有效工具
二 社区风险登记:推动社区风险管理的主要实现路径
三 完善风险登记制度:有效提升我国社区风险管理效率
环境风险场理论研究*
一 场理论及其应用
二 环境风险场
(一)环境风险场的定义
(二)环境风险场特征分析
三 环境风险场理论的主要研究内容
(一)环境风险场研究
(二)环境风险场的相关问题研究
1.风险场与脆弱性研究
2.风险场与感知场交互作用研究
四 结论
美国企业备灾活动模式与影响因素分析
一 企业备灾和备灾研究
二 数据搜集和分析方法
三 结果
1.备灾模式
2.自变量分布:组织和企业决策者特征
3.影响企业备灾活动的因素
四 结论与讨论
五 研究的不足与展望
我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性及其治理问题研究
一 引言
二 脆弱性理论与系统脆弱性
三 我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性的特征
(一)事前环境恶劣性造成暴露性增强
1.相对而言,乡镇地处偏远,面积广人口多,综合治理风险高成本高
2.各类灾害终年不断,灾害重叠加剧生态恶化
3.末端地区灾贫叠加,长期循环积重难返
(二)事中处置复杂性造成敏感性增强
1.缺乏必需的基本应急管理能力
2.缺乏必需的基本专业力量和专业设备
(三)事后多种不利因素造成适应性减弱
1.系统内部底子薄,灾后恢复艰难
2.系统外部恐慌强,灾后稳定不易
四 我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性的深层次成因
(一)传统应急管理意识存在的问题
1.应急预案“重形式轻内容”
2.应急防范“重城市轻乡村”
3.应急物资“重外援轻自给”
4.应急知识“重自悟轻输送”
(二)传统行政管理体系存在的矛盾
1.内部事务缺乏独立决断力
2.外部力量缺乏有效协调力
3.系统调整缺乏稳定保障力
五 重视末端治理、改善末端脆弱的建议
(一)建设一主多元的应急治理体系
(二)三级联动,打造整体应急治理机制
(三)搭建四个保障平台,加速末端重点任务建设
1.末端预案保障平台建设
2.末端通信预警保障平台建设
3.末端交通保障平台建设
4.末端指挥保障平台建设
(四)末端应急能力的模块化建设与储备
县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急管理机制研究*
一 县级政府在应对重大自然灾害中扮演的角色和发挥的作用
(一)县级政府在应对重大自然灾害中扮演的独特角色
1.灾前的主要“防御者”
2.救灾的一线“指挥者”
3.抗灾的直接“参与者”
4.政策的实际“执行者”
(二)县级政府在应对重大自然灾害中发挥的独特作用
1.最能快速决策行动
2.最能迅速开展救援
3.最能把握灾情进展
4.最能落实上级精神
二 县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急机制存在的问题
(一)应急准备机制不健全
1.应急管理机构不统一
2.应急法律法规不健全
3.第四级网络建设薄弱
(二)协调联动机制不健全
1.信息资源沟通不畅
2.部门联动缺乏合力
3.应急社会参与率低
(三)应急善后机制不健全
1.灾区恢复和重建工作不力
2.应急管理评估体系不健全
3.灾后监督和问责工作不严
三 完善县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急机制的对策
(一)完善县级政府重大自然灾害应急管理机构建设
1.设置专门的自然灾害应急管理机构
2.建立自然灾害专家库决策咨询机制
3.完善自然灾害应急联动的运作机制
(二)加强县级政府重大自然灾害应急保障体系建设
1.按照综合化要求完善应急预案体系
2.完善平急结合的物资储备保障系统
3.建立长效监测预警和隐患排查机制
(三)完善县级政府重大自然灾害应急社会参与机制
1.加快建立公民防灾、减灾和救灾教育
2.加快建立和健全社区化危机治理机制
3.积极构建政府与社会组织的合作机制
(四)完善县级政府重大自然灾害应急管理善后机制
1.科学核定损失,做好灾情的统计与上报工作
2.安抚受灾群众,保证灾区社会秩序良好有序
3.认真开展评估,总结灾后重建和防救灾教训
4.科学合理规划,做好灾发现场的恢复和重建
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