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美国对华政策与美国国内政治(1941~1950)图书

U.S. Policy toward China and American Domestic Politics, 1941-1950

SSAPID:101-5932-5168-18
ISBN:978-7-5201-1067-9
DOI:
ISSN:
关键词:

对华政策 政治 美国

[内容简介] 中美关系是我们非常重视的双边关系,当双方努力探索新型大国关系时,如何避免因战略误判而重蹈历史的覆辙,就变得非常重要。在1941~1950年,当美国频繁卷入东亚事务时,其与中国的分歧就存在并有所发展;当两国关系面临重大抉择时,此分歧演变为决裂。当今,中美关系因冷战结束和经济全球化而有所改善,但根本分歧仍在,影响美国对华政策的各种因素仍在,因此,站在历史的角度,检视影响美国对华政策的各种因素,对我们而言,具有重要的借鉴意义。

相关信息

丛书名:中国地方社会科学院学术精品文库·浙江系列
作 者: 于英红
编 辑:周志宽
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2017年09月
语 种:中文
中图分类:K1 世界史

 打造精品 勇攀“一流”

 引言

 第一章 影响美国外交决策的国内政治

  第一节 决策层的认知及其战略、政策选择

  第二节 总统与国会在外交政策中的角色

   一 国会对总统外交权的制度性制约

    (一)参议院外交关系委员会

    (二)其他委员会

   二 总统与国务院:外交政策的主导者和行动者

  第三节 院外游说集团影响外交政策

  第四节 国际因素产生的国内影响

   一 不关心国际事务的选民

   二 重大国际事件的国内影响

   三 政客夸大威胁的政治策略

 第二章 太平洋战争爆发前美国对中国的政策

  第一节 通商之初中国对美国的价值:商业和传教事业

  第二节 不平等条约基础上美国的对华政策:与列强联手争取利益

  第三节 帝国主义时代美国的对华政策:门户开放、机会均等

  第四节 门户开放政策面临新的机遇与挑战

 第三章 美国对中国的认识(1941~1950年)

  第一节 美国对国民政府的认识

   一 基督教团体的乐观看法

   二 赛珍珠及其《大地》的影响

   三 亨利·鲁斯对中国的认识

  第二节 美国对中国共产党的观察

   一 在华人员对中国共产党的观察

   二 美军观察组报道的延安

  第三节 驻华外交使团对中国时局的判断

   一 高思执掌的大使馆建议对华政策改弦更张

   二 高思大使对中国时局的观察

   三 使馆外事官员提出灵活性的对华政策建议

  第四节 驻华军事官员对中国国民党的观察

   一 军方中国通史迪威对中国事务的认识

   二 马歇尔:美国对华政策认知的重要塑造者

 第四章 苏联因素对美国对华政策的制约作用

  第一节 苏联的对华政策演变:1941~1950年

   一 1941~1950年苏联与中国国民政府的恩怨

   二 苏联与中共的关系(1941~1950年)

  第二节 美国淡化处理蒋介石的苏联威胁论

  第三节 美国获得苏联不干涉中国内政的保证

   一 美国认为中共具有很强的独立性

   二 美国相信斯大林的承诺

 第五章 美国国务院、国会在对华事务上的分歧

  第一节 总统和国务院的现实主义努力

  第二节 院外援华集团影响美国对华政策

   一 院外游说集团的形成:国民政府的对美公共外交

   二 院外游说集团的工作重点

    1.兜售飞虎队计划

    2.打击反对的声音

    3.曲解中美关系中的重要事件,对政府施压

    4.在史迪威指挥权危机中支持蒋介石

    5.促成国会通过《1948年援华法案》

 第六章 抗战时期的美国对华政策(1941~1945年)

  第一节 美国把中国推上大国地位

  第二节 鼓励蒋介石继续抗日(1941~1943年)

   一 缅甸战役的失败

   二 史迪威指挥权危机日渐加剧

   三 开罗会议上美国对蒋介石深感失望

  第三节 对蒋介石实行有限度的压力战略(1943~1945年)

  第四节 促使中国实现和平统一

  第五节 美国战时对华政策的影响

 第七章 1946~1949年美国实行有限度的援蒋政策

  第一节 马歇尔调处国共矛盾

   一 马歇尔调停所依据的政策

   二 国共双方对于调停的态度

   三 美国失去影响国共两党的能力

  第二节 司徒雷登继续执行有条件的援蒋政策

   一 司徒雷登出任大使,美国希望回归中立立场

   二 司徒雷登坚持有条件支持国民政府的立场

   三 司徒雷登与《1948年援华法案》

 第八章 1949~1950年美国对华政策面临重大抉择

  第一节 等待“尘埃落定”(1949年1月至1950年6月)

   一 淡化处理与蒋介石政权的关系

   二 海军陆战队撤离青岛

  第二节 对华贸易管制逐步升级

  第三节 美国在中国加入联合国问题上的态度

  第四节 台湾海峡中立化

 第九章 美国对中国入朝作战的估计以及政策应对

  第一节 中国入朝作战的可能性评估

  第二节 中国对越过三八线可能做出的反应

  第三节 中国对逼近鸭绿江的反应

 第十章 未能建交:失之交臂的机会还是历史的必然

  第一节 中共高层主张应理性对待美国

  第二节 美国决策者与中共的试探性接触

  第三节 美国与新中国建立外交关系的可能性探讨

 结语 美国对华政策与国内政治基础之间的紧密联系

 后记

中美关系是我们非常重视的双边关系,当双方努力探索新型大国关系时,如何避免因战略误判而重蹈历史的覆辙,就变得非常重要。在1941~1950年,当美国频繁卷入东亚事务时,其与中国的分歧就存在并有所发展;当两国关系面临重大抉择时,此分歧演变为决裂。当今,中美关系因冷战结束和经济全球化而有所改善,但根本分歧仍在,影响美国对华政策的各种因素仍在,因此,站在历史的角度,检视影响美国对华政策的各种因素,对我们而言,具有重要的借鉴意义。

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