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城市中家庭背景对子女学业表现的影响图书

The Effect of Family Background on Urban Students' Academic Performance

SSAPID:101-5717-3509-77
ISBN:978-7-5097-5229-6
DOI:
ISSN:

[内容简介] 家庭阶层背景与子女学业成就之间的关系,历来是代际流动研究密切关注的议题。本书稿从两个时段贫困家庭的比较研究入手,探讨社会转型期城市贫困家庭子女在义务教育阶段学业成就相比优势家庭处于明显劣势的深层原因。本研究在对杭州市区贫困家庭子女所作的深度访谈、参与观察以及文本分析的田野研究基础上,发展和建构了本研究颇具新意的解释路径:①以宏观社会结构转型和教育体制改革为背景,看学校、家庭两个层面发生了怎样的变化,这些变化如何延续或加剧了贫困家庭子女教育机会获得的劣势地位;②由较为微观的文化教育观点的改变为线索,看教师和家长教育观念的变动如何影响了贫困家庭子女与学业相关的个人因素形成。即结构的和文化观念的变动作为两个并行的要素,直接导致了研究欲与求证的“转型导致贫困家庭子女学业更显劣势”的基本结论。

相关信息

丛书名:中国地方社会科学院学术精品文库·浙江系列
作 者: 王平
编 辑:韩莹莹
出版社:社会科学文献出版社
出版时间: 2013年12月
语 种:中文
中图分类:C91 社会学

 立足地方实践 高扬中国特色

 后记

 编辑委员会名单

 ABSTRACT

 内容提要

 附录 访谈家庭与教师名单

 前言

 第一章 导论

  第一节 转型期的阶层与教育变迁

   一 社会转型与阶层生活机会分化

   二 家庭背景对子女学业表现影响的变迁

  第二节 基础教育结构与教育机会分配原则的变迁

   一 社会主义建设初期的基础教育

   二 “文化大革命”期间的基础教育

   三 改革初期的基础教育

   四 改革深化阶段的基础教育

   五 基础教育结构与教育机会分配的变迁

  第三节 研究的经验问题

   一 研究对象选择

   二 研究范围选择

   三 研究地域选择

   四 研究的经验问题

 第二章 理论综述:家庭背景与子女学业成就

  第一节 家庭背景与子女教育机会获得

   一 家庭资源对教育机会获得的影响

    1.资源转化机制与教育机会获得

    2.教育选择机制与教育机会获得

   二 教育体制对教育机会获得的影响

    1.教育机会扩张与教育体制改革

    2.改革开放后两个时段义务教育体制的变化

  第二节 家庭背景与子女个人因素的形成

   一 家庭环境与个人因素形塑的阶层差异

    1.贫困家庭对子女的抚育

    2.贫困家庭的文化传递

   二 学校环境与个人因素形塑的阶层差异

    1.学校环境中的人际互动

    2.学校教育与文化再生产

  第三节 文化社会学对教育不平等研究的理论价值

   一 文化社会学弱范式与教育不平等研究

   二 文化社会学强范式的理论视角

   三 文化社会学强范式对本研究的理论启示

 第三章 理解城市贫困

  第一节 城市贫困的界定

   一 以物质资源界定城市贫困

   二 以社会—文化因素界定城市贫困

   三 综合的视角

  第二节 城市贫困的理论视角

   一 城市贫困解释的个体视角

   二 城市贫困解释的贫困文化视角

   三 城市贫困解释的情境视角

   四 城市贫困解释的结构视角

    1.就业结构

    2.财产结构

    3.权力结构

  第三节 城市贫困与文化

   一 价值观

   二 认知框架

   三 行为模式库

   四 自我叙事

   五 符号边界

   六 文化资本

   七 制度

 第四章 研究框架与研究方法

  第一节 研究框架

   一 概念界定

    1.本书所研究的城市贫困特征

    2.两个时期

    3.教育劣势

   二 研究框架设计

    1.家庭层面

    2.学校层面

    3.学生个人层面

    4.家庭与学校间的作用机制

   三 经验研究各部分的具体问题

    1.社会转型对家庭层面结构与文化因素的影响

    2.社会转型对学校层面结构与文化因素的影响

    3.家庭和学校层面变化对学生个人因素的作用

  第二节 研究设计

   一 资料收集方法

    1.家庭层面的资料

    2.学校层面的资料

   二 具体调查策略

    1.调查的进场方式

    2.笔者的角色转换

   三 资料分析方法

   四 信度、效度及伦理

    1.信度和效度

    2.研究伦理

     (1)被调查对象的知情许可

     (2)匿名

     (3)互惠

     (4)调查的严谨性

  第三节 研究地背景介绍

   一 社区概况

   二 学校概况

    1.白天鹅小学

    2.新汇中学

   三 两个时段中重要的教育事件

  第四节 研究局限

 第五章 家庭层面因素与教育劣势

  第一节 社会结构变化对贫困家庭资源的影响

   一 就业结构变化与贫困群体就业质量

    1.就业岗位性质的变化

    2.行业间收入差距的变化

    3.就业结构变化对贫困群体就业质量的影响

   二 收入结构变化与贫困家庭收入和消费状况

   三 权力结构变化对贫困家庭生活境遇的影响

    1.正式政治表意渠道

    2.与贫困家庭生活境遇紧密相关的公共决策

   四 居住结构变化对贫困家庭居住条件的影响

    1.居住结构变化对居住空间隔离的影响

    2.居住结构变化对子女就近入学的影响

   五 社会结构变化对致贫原因的影响

    1.第一个时段贫困家庭的致贫原因

    2.第二个时段贫困家庭的致贫原因

   六 资源匮乏对教育机会获得的不利影响

    1.两个时段中政治资源对教育机会获得的影响

    2.两个时段经济资源对教育机会获得的影响

  第二节 社会结构变化对贫困家庭抚育功能的影响

   一 贫困家庭的物质保障功能

    1.贫困家庭子女的食物状况

    2.贫困家庭子女的衣着状况

   二 贫困家庭的情感支持功能

    1.家庭结构完整程度

    2.代际交流机会

    3.情感沟通技巧

   三 贫困家庭的文化传递功能

    1.第一个时段家庭文化传递对子女教育的影响

    2.第二个时段家庭文化传递对子女教育的影响

  第三节 主流育儿文化变化对贫困家庭教育观念的影响

   一 家庭教育观念的类型辨析

    1.家庭教育观念的阶层差别

    2.家庭教育观念的文化背景差别

    3.家庭教育观念的历时性差别

   二 家长对子女的教育预期

   三 家长对子女教育选择的态度

   四 家长关于子女教育的知识

  小结

 第六章 学校层面因素与教育劣势

  第一节 学校教育体制变化对教育机会分配的影响

   一 义务教育阶段教育结构的变化

   二 学校教育质量与招生制度变化

    1.两个时段小学教育质量分层与招生制度

    2.两个时段初中教育质量分层与招生制度

   三 学校教育体制变化对贫困家庭子女教育机会获得的影响

    1.由民办教育导致的贫困家庭子女教育机会劣势

    2.由公办教育不均衡分布导致贫困家庭子女教育机会处于劣势

  第二节 校外教育变化对教育机会分配的影响

   一 校外教育的变化

    1.家教领域

    2.校外辅导班领域

    3.艺术培训领域

   二 校外教育变化对贫困家庭子女教育机会的影响

    1.贫困家庭子女难以获得校外教育机会

    2.贫困家庭子女较少有机会参加假期辅导

    3.贫困家庭子女普遍缺乏艺术培训机会

  第三节 教师教育资源分配观念变化对贫困家庭子女的影响

   一 主流文化价值观变化对教师教育资源分配观念的影响

    1.教师教育资源分配观念的基本特征

    2.两个时段教师教育资源分配观念的变化

   二 教师对学生的学业预期

   三 教师对家长家庭教育方式的主观评价

    1.两个时段中“好家长”标准的变化

    2.礼物与政治身份的作用

   四 教师对稀缺教育资源的分配行为

    1.额外教育机会的分配

    2.能力培养机会的分配

    3.教室座位的安排

  小结

 第七章 贫困家庭子女个人因素的特征

  第一节 个人因素的作用及构成要素

   一 个人因素对学业表现的作用

   二 个人因素的构成

  第二节 贫困家庭子女学业效能感的形成

   一 学习行为与结果的自身体验

   二 对同学的学业行为观察

   三 家长与老师的说服

  第三节 贫困家庭子女对教师和家长的信任状况

   一 对家长的信任

   二 对教师的信任

  第四节 贫困家庭子女学业重视行为

   一 不同类型学生学习行为模式的特征

   二 对学习行为的策略规划

  小结

 第八章 研究结论与讨论

  第一节 基本的研究结论

   一 转型期城市贫困家庭子女教育机会劣势愈加明显

    1.家庭层面因素变化对教育机会的影响

    2.学校层面因素变化对教育机会的影响

   二 转型期城市贫困家庭子女个人因素劣势有所加剧

    1.家庭环境变化对个人因素的影响

    2.学校环境变化对个人因素的影响

   三 家庭阶层背景对子女学业表现的影响作用更加明显

  第二节 对教育阶层差异的理论反思

   一 对弱文化范式家庭教育阶层研究的批评

   二 对教育阶层差异变化的强文化范式解释

 打造精品 勇攀“一流”

本书通过对1992年前后和2009年前后两个时段城市贫困家庭子女在小学和初中学习场景的再现,系统地展现了家庭背景对子女学业表现的影响,以历时性的视角探讨导致教育结果阶层差异的原因及其变化趋势。在回答现实问题“为什么现在的城市贫困家庭子女比改革开放初期,更难在小学和初中阶段获得学业成功”的同时,本书针对转型期义务教育中愈演愈烈的“择校热”和“校外辅导热”等现象,以及正式与非正式教育制度中教育不平等的问题,提出了强文化范式的解释路径。作为发生在我们身边“活生生的历史”,本书所呈现的两个时段城市社区义务教育阶段“学校—家庭—学生”的情况,也有助于对这两段生活有个人体验和兴趣的普通读者与我们一起分享曾经以及正在经历的教育与生活。

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