社会学芝加哥学派:一个知识共同体的学科贡献图书
Chicago School of Sociology: Contributions to the Discipline of an Academic Community
[内容简介] 本书分为两部分,前面4章主要是回溯学派的历史演变,而后面4章致力于澄清学派对社会学学科的理论贡献。作者希望通过本研究能够向感兴趣的读者提供一个全景式、整体性、具有内在关联的芝加哥学派图景,让人们不仅对芝加哥学派的诞生、发展与演变的“历史”有一个基本的认识,而且让人们还能够深刻理解芝加哥学派在理论上为后人留下的遗产。
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第1章 导论:作为知识共同体的社会学芝加哥学派
第1节 社会学芝加哥学派的中国缘分及其再续
一 断裂的社会学芝加哥学派中国缘分
二 再续学派前缘:努力及其意义
第2节 经久不衰的学派研究兴趣
一 传承不息的美国芝加哥学派研究
1.关于学派研究的经典著作
2.关于学派研究的代表性论文
二 门可罗雀的国内学派研究
1.屈指可数的学派译著
2.廖廖数人的研究成果
三 臧否
第3节 从历史演变到学科贡献
一 方法与依据
1.“情境化”与“去情境化”
2.“我注六经”与“六经注我”
3.“从描述到阐释”
二 逻辑与结构
第2章 奠基:构建学派组织与建制架构
第1节 芝加哥学派的学科意义
一 前芝加哥学派美国社会学
二 芝加哥学派的学科意义
1.集体性事业的知识共同体
2.芝加哥学派的学术成就
3.以科学为志业的芝加哥学派
三 学术研究制度化的起航
第2节 城市与大学的血脉相连
一 边疆城市芝加哥的野性魅力
二 校长哈珀的芝加哥大学信仰
1.芝加哥大学的创立
2.校长哈珀的大学信仰
(1)哈珀:浸信会教育家
(2)以研究为大学使命
(3)创新大学教育模式
3.哈珀的人才兴校战略
三 城市与大学血脉相连
1.以科学助益社会
2.参与社会改革运动
3.早期经验研究的局限
第3节 社会学的诞生及其早期成就
一 源自实用主义哲学的传统
1.杜威的实用主义哲学
2.中心概念:活动性
3.实用主义哲学的影响
二 社会学学科的组织化建制
1.哈珀:为社会学系招兵买马
(1)社会学家斯莫尔
(2)人类学家斯塔
(3)浸信会牧师亨德森
(4)家政学先驱塔尔波特
2.斯莫尔:确立学科的领先地位
(1)沟通欧美学界的桥梁
(2)对芝加哥学派的贡献
3.托马斯:开展社会学经验研究
4.帕克:加盟芝加哥大学社会学系
三 早期的学科贡献、特色及地位
1.贡献:美式社会学教育
2.特色:学科融合的传统
3.地位:美国社会学圣地
第3章 跨越:铸就学派学术基质与声望
第1节 托马斯生平及学术渊源
一 托马斯在学派史上的地位
二 才华横溢的社会学信徒
三 博采众家的思想渊源
第2节 《波兰农民》:经验研究的丰碑
一 托马斯的社会学立场
1.经验取向的学术旨趣
2.去价值化的研究态度
3.移民研究的历史情结
二 十年耕耘的智慧结晶
1.以波兰移民为研究对象
2.为移民研究而奔波
3.兹纳涅茨基的角色
三 《波兰农民》的学科意义
1.开拓社会学资料新类型
2.以主体视角分析客观世界
3.《波兰农民》的社会学意义
第3节 戛然断裂的学术生涯
一 性格与悲剧
二 无法弥合的创伤
三 泽被学派的遗产
第4章 巅峰:缔造学派全面辉煌成就
第1节 帕克:芝加哥学派的“研究引擎”
一 帕克的生平、背景与风格
1.半道出家的学术泰斗
2.欧美混血的思想渊源
3.决然断裂的心智历程
二 指导学生与创建制度化学术平台
1.积极进取的院系氛围
2.以指导学生为天职
3.学派繁盛的制度平台
三 概念与理论:对社会学的知识贡献
1.孤立与隔离
2.四阶段社会过程
3.族群差别与社会距离
4.双重陌生的边际人
第2节 伯吉斯:甘为绿叶的学派二把手
一 作为追随者的伯吉斯
二 甘为绿叶的学派二把手
1.编制调查手册
2.绘制“自然区”
3.指导犯罪学研究
三 帕克和伯吉斯的性格特征
第3节 黄金时代的终结与学派再兴
一 对芝加哥学派霸权地位的挑战
1.冲突概况
2.叛乱原因
3.叛乱后果
4.霸权丧失的真正原因
二 第二个芝加哥学派?——走向再兴
1.东部挑战与学派再续
2.第二个芝加哥学派的“无形学院”
3.典型代表:贝克尔与戈夫曼
(1)霍华德·贝克尔
(2)欧文·戈夫曼
三 芝加哥学派的历史谱系
第5章 美国化:寻求种族与族群同化之路
第1节 美国化:移民国家的认同问题
一 多民族新国家的形成
1.早期对移民的认知
2.美国移民政策的演变
(1)1815~1882年的“自由移民”时期
(2)1882~1924年限制和选择移民时期
(3)移民威胁论的主要论调
二 排斥移民的社会运动
三 美国化研究的时代动因
1.移民的社会融入
2.欧战对族群关系的撕裂
3.芝加哥学派的美国化立场
第2节 托马斯:学派美国化研究的滥觞
一 移民美国化的分析框架
1.价值观与态度的殊异
2.人类愿望和社会传统
3.断裂的态度与人格感知
二 移民类型及其社区组织
1.基于愿望差异的移民类型
2.美国移民的社会组织
3.自成体系的移民社区
4.受社区影响的族群差异
三 归化移民的托马斯进路
1.民主之必需
2.传统之相似
3.同化之心理
4.容忍或抑制
5.移民组织之价值
6.群体永续之不可能
第3节 博士生:美国化研究的经验典范
一 白人移民研究
1.扬:莫洛肯人
2.沃斯:犹太人
二 黑人移民研究
1.弗雷泽:芝加哥黑人家庭
2.约翰逊:芝加哥黑人
三 亚裔移民研究
1.吴景超:“唐人街”
2.鲍格达斯:日本移民
第6章 城市化:探索现代城市规律与特性
第1节 人类生态学的方法论隐喻
一 帕克的人类生态学思想
1.生态学:从生物群落到人类社会
2.人类社区的生态秩序过程
3.帕克的城市自然区理论
二 麦肯齐的城市生态学
1.一般城市生态学观点
2.城市社区的生态过程
3.集聚与扩散的经济解释
三 批评及新的进展
第2节 城市形态的生态学模型
一 伯吉斯的同心圆模型
1.美国的城市发展
2.城市发展的过程
3.城市的代谢过程
二 霍伊特的扇形模型
三 哈里斯-厄尔曼的多核心模型
第3节 现代性交织下的城市性思考
一 经典社会学家的城市性理解
二 沃斯的美国城市性理论
三 雷德菲尔德的城市特性观
第7章 社会化:诊断城市文明社会病理
第1节 异常、犯罪、越轨与社会控制
一 托马斯:社会解组与情境定义
二 帕克:社会控制与集体行为
三 伯吉斯:婚姻家庭与青少年越轨
第2节 对社会异常现象的研究
一 对边缘性群体的研究
1.安德森的《流浪汉》
2.克雷西的《的士舞厅》
二 对解组现象的研究
1.莫尔的《家庭解组》
2.凯文的《自杀》
三 社会隔离现象的研究
第3节 对犯罪与越轨现象的诊断
一 一般性犯罪研究
1.雷克莱斯的《芝加哥的堕落》
2.萨瑟兰德的《职业窃贼》
二 组织化犯罪研究
1.斯拉谢尔的《帮会》
2.兰德斯科的《芝加哥有组织犯罪》
三 青少年犯罪研究
1.违法青少年生活史研究
(1)拦路抢劫者——斯坦利
(2)强奸犯——西德尼
2.对违法犯罪的生态学探究
第8章 总结与讨论
第1节 作为知识共同体的芝加哥学派
一 理论与经验相结合的学派特质
二 学派在方法论上的科学取向
三 托马斯-帕克的社会变迁观
第2节 芝加哥学派范式的当代意义
一 前学派共同体时期的范式表征
二 “变量范式”霸权的时代困境
三 “情境范式”的时代再发现
第3节 芝加哥学派的学科遗产
一 充满敌意的学术环境
二 芝加哥学派的主要贡献
1.组织革新
2.方法论转向
3.微观转向
4.理论转向
三 芝加哥学派的真正遗产
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